INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS

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INTRODUCTION TOANIMALS

• Chapter 34

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Animal Basics

• 4 Defining Characteristics
• Morphology (animal bodies)
• Invertebrates versus vertebrates

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• 4 DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
• 1. eukaryotic, multi-cellular (no cell walls)
• 2. heterotrophic
• 3. sexual reproduction and development
• 4. movement

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Morphology

• Symmetry
• Radial
• Bilateral
• Germ Layers
• Endo, meso and ectoderm
• Body Cavities
• aka Coelem

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Morphology (continued)

• A closer look at bilateral body symmetry
• Anatomy terms

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Morphology (continued)

• Cephalization concentration of sensory and
  brain structures in anterior region

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Morphology (continued)

• A loser look at germ layers and body cavities
• Animals are either
• Acoelomates no body cavity
• Pseudocoelomates false body cavity
• Coelomates true body cavity

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INVERTEBRATES

• Animals without Backbones

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2.
3.
4.
5.
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REVIEW ANIMALS

• CHARACTERISTICS
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

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REVIEW ANIMALS

• CHARACTERISTICS
• 1. eukaryotic, multi-cellular (no cell walls)
• 2. heterotrophic
• 3. sexual reproduction and development
• 4. movement

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PORIFERA

• Phylum of _____________
• Digestion, circulation, excretion, and
• gas exchange by ___________________
• Body support by ____________
• No tissues
• Sexual and asexual
• reproduction
• May have evolved from colonial
• protists

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PORIFERA

• Phylum of sponges
• Digestion, circulation, excretion, and
• gas exchange by amebocytes
• Body support by spongin
• No tissues
• Sexual and asexual
• reproduction
• May have evolved from colonial
• protists

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CNIDARIANS

• Jellyfish, coral, Hydra, sea anemone, sea fans
• Polyp and medusa body forms
• __________ symmetry
• Tentacles with _________cells
• ____________cavity with one
• opening for digestion
• Simple ________ ___ in the outer epidermis to
  sense the environment
• Asexual reproduction by ________and sexual
  reproduction

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CNIDARIANS

• Jellyfish, coral, Hydra, sea anemone, sea fans
• Polyp and medusa body forms
• Radial symmetry
• Tentacles with stinging cells
• Gastrovascular cavity with one
• opening for digestion
• Simple nerve net in the outer epidermis to sense
  the environment
• Asexual reproduction by budding and sexual
  reproduction

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PLATYHELMINTHES

• Flatworms planarian, tapeworm, and flukes
• _____________ symmetry
• _______________ cavity with 1 opening
• True muscle tissue
• Ganglia and ____________ nerve cords
• Asexual fragmentation and
• _____________ and sexual reproduction
• Gas exchange by _______ through body wall
• Acoelomate

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PLATYHELMINTHES

• Flatworms planarian, tapeworm, and flukes
• Bilateral symmetry
• Gastrovascular cavity with 1 opening
• True muscle tissue
• Ganglia and ventral nerve cords
• Asexual fragmentation and
• regeneration and sexual reproduction
• Gas exchange by diffusion through body wall
• Acoelomate

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NEMATODA

• Roundworms hookworm, pinworm,
• heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil
• nematodes
• ________ digestive tract with mouth
• and anus
• ________________ which transports
• nutrients
• Gas exchange through _______ body
• wall
• Sexual reproduction

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NEMATODA

• Roundworms hookworm, pinworm,
• heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil
• nematodes
• Complete digestive tract with mouth
• and anus
• Pseudocoelom which transports
• nutrients
• Gas exchange through moist body
• wall
• Sexual reproduction

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ANNELIDA

• ______________ worms earthworm, sandworm, and
• leech
• Coelomate
• ________ circulatory system
• Many body systems
• _______ sets of muscles
• Sexual reproduction most are ________________

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ANNELIDA

• Segmented worms earthworm, sandworm, and
• leech
• Coelomate
• Closed circulatory system
• Many body systems
• Two sets of muscles
• Sexual reproduction most are hermaphrodites

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MOLLUSCA

• Mollusks snails, sea slugs bivalves such as
  clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels octopus,
  squid, and
• chambered nautilus (cephalopods)
• All have a __________ _____ and a
• _____ that produces a shell in most species
• _________ circulatory system
• Gas exchange by _______ in mantle cavity in water
  forms or mantle cavity serves as a ________ in
  land forms

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MOLLUSCA

• Mollusks snails, sea slugs bivalves such as
  clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels octopus,
  squid, and
• chambered nautilus (cephalopods)
• All have a muscular foot and a
• mantle that produces a shell in most species
• Open circulatory system
• Gas exchange by gills in mantle cavity in water
  forms or mantle cavity serves as a lung in land
  forms

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ARTHROPODA

• Insects, crustaceans, spiders (Arachnids),
  centipedes, millipedes
• ___________of protein and chitin _____
  appendages
• _________ circulatory system
• ________________ tubules in insects and
• arachnids remove liquid wastes
• ____________ _______and/or book lungs
• in terrestrial forms gills in aquatic
• species for gas exchange
• _______eyes and antennae in many forms
• Sexual reproduction with separate sexes and
  _____________ fertilization

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ARTHROPODA

• Insects, crustaceans, spiders (Arachnids),
  centipedes, millipedes
• Exoskeleton of protein and chitin jointed
  appendages
• Open circulatory system
• Malpighian tubules in insects and
• arachnids remove liquid wastes
• Tracheal tubes and/or book lungs
• in terrestrial forms gills in aquatic
• species for gas exchange
• Compound eyes and antennae in many forms
• Sexual reproduction with separate sexes and
  internal fertilization

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IDENTIFY EACH PICTURE AS TO TYPE OF
ARTHROPOD
2.
3.
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6.
4.
9.
8.
7.
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IDENTIFY EACH PICTURE AS TO TYPE OF
ARTHROPOD
crustacean
arachnid
centipede
insect
crustacean
millipede
insect
crustacean
arachnid
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ECHINODERMATA

• Besides the chordates, this phylum contains the
  only invertebrates that are ___________________
• Examples include sea stars, sand dollar, sea
  urchin, sea cucumber, sea
• lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit
• _________ skinned animals
• Unique ________ _________ system
• Secondary _________ symmetry with no segmentation

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ECHINODERMATA

• Besides the chordates, this phylum contains the
  only invertebrates that are deuterostomes
• Examples include sea stars, sand dollar, sea
  urchin, sea cucumber, sea
• lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit
• Spiny skinned animals
• Unique water vascular system
• Secondary radial symmetry with no segmentation

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INVERTEBRATES

• Animals without Backbones
• Check your answers from slide 1, then correct any
• that were wrong and add the phylum name.
  

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2.
3.
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5.
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INVERTEBRATES

• Invertebrate Web Quest
• Click on the picture below to begin.

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Closed and Open Circulatory System
Closed circulatory system Vertebrates, and a few invertebrates, have a closed circulatory system. Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. In this type of system, blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities.                                                                      Open circulatory system The open circulatory system is common to molluscs and arthropods. Open circulatory systems pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood.