Understanding life processes

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Understanding life processes

• Wildlife Biology Ecosystems

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Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards
Addressed!

• HS-LS2-1. Use mathematical and/or computational
  representations to support explanations of
  factors that affect carrying capacity of
  ecosystems at different scales. Clarification
  Statement Emphasis is on quantitative analysis
  and comparison of the relationships among
  interdependent factors including boundaries,
  resources, climate and competition. Examples of
  mathematical comparisons could include graphs,
  charts, histograms, and population changes
  gathered from simulations or historical data sets.

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Bell Work / Objectives

• Explain important life processes of wildlife
  organisms.
• Describe the life span stages of wildlife.
• Distinguish between feeding groups.
• Describe how ecosystems are important in wildlife
  biology.

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Terms

• Abiotic factor
• Biophage
• Biotic factor
• Carnivore
• Circulation
• Digestion
• Ecosystem
• Elimination
• Food

• Food chain
• Food web
• Growth
• Herbivore
• Ingestion
• Life processes
• Life span
• Locomotion
• omnivore

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Terms

• Photosynthesis
• Reproduction
• Respiration
• Saprophage
• Secretion
• Sensation

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Age of a Tree

• How is the age of a tree determined?
• Estimate the age of this tree.
• How does a trees age reflect the life cycle of
  the tree?
• Observe a fish scale.
• What are the layered edges of a fish scale?
• Are the layers present?

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What are the life processes of wildlife
organisms? Why are these important?

• Life Processes essential functions of a living
  organism in order to remain in the living
  condition.
• Supporting life processes is a part of managing
  wildlife populations.
• When life processes stop, an organism dies.
• There are eight life processes used in wildlife
  science.

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The 8 Life Processes

• Growth
• Food (Ingestion, Digestion, Elimination)
• Circulation
• Respiration
• Secretion
• Sensation
• Locomotion
• Reproduction

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Life Processes - Growth

• The process of an organism increasing in size by
  adding cells, by the cells getting larger, or by
  replacing cells.
• With young organisms, growth is primarily adding
  cells to increase size.
• With mature organisms, growing new cells is
  needed to replace those that are lost.
• Growth requires food with essential nutrients.

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Life Processes - Food

• Any substance that nourishes an organism
• Animals get their food by swallowing, otherwise
  known as ingestion.
• Once ingested, digestion occurs.
• Digestion process that changes food into forms
  that can be absorbed by the animal.

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Life Processes - Food

• After digestion, elimination occurs.
• Elimination remaining food materials are
  expelled from the body. (waste)
• Plants make their food by the process of
  photosynthesis.

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Life Processes - Circulation

• Movement of substances within an organism
• Food nutrients, digested food, and other
  substances are involved in circulation.
• Animals have a circulatory system that involves
  the heart, and blood vessels.

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Life Processes - Respiration

• Process by which an organism provides its cells
  with food and oxygen.
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide are the two primary
  substances important in respiration.
• Animals use structures, such as lungs and gills,
  for respiration.

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Life Processes - Secretion

• Production within an organism of substances
  needed for life processes.
• Specialized body structures, known as glands, are
  often responsible for secretion of hormones or
  have other specific functions.

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Life Processes - Sensation

• Ability of an organism to feel or otherwise
  gather information and respond to its
  environment.
• Animals sensation is easier to understand than
  plants.
• Animals typically have touch, taste, sight,
  smell, and hearing.

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Life Processes - Locomotion

• The movement of an animal from one place to
  another.
• All organisms have some type of movement. Both
  internal and external.
• Internal movements are needed for an organism to
  carry out life processes.

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Life Processes Reproduction

• Process by which organisms give rise to new
  organisms of the same species.
• This is not a life process that is essential for
  living however it is essential for a species to
  perpetuate itself.
• Reproduction may involve sexual or asexual
  reproduction.

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What are the life span stages of wildlife?

• Life Span
• The period of life of an organism which includes
  five stages.
• Beginning / Birth
• Growth Development
• Maturity
• Decline
• Death

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5 Life Span Stages

• The first stage is the Beginning/Birth
• With animals, life span begins with birth or
  hatching.
• Most animal babies require some support from
  their mothers, although some can live without
  care provided.

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5 Life Span Stages

• The second stage is Growth Development.
• New organisms grow and develop rapidly to reach
  maturity.
• If nutritious food is available in an organisms
  environment, they will typically grow even faster.

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5 Life Span Stages

• The third stage is Maturity.
• Mature organisms are fully developed, although
  some additional growth or changes may occur.
• Maturity includes the ability to reproduce.

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5 Life Span Stages

• The fourth stage is Decline
• Eventually, organisms begin to lose their ability
  to maintain themselves, and aging sets in.
• Life processes may occur at a slower rate and the
  organisms loses its strength and weakens.

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5 Life Span Stages

• The fifth stage is Death.
• Death is the end of the life of an organism.
• The protoplasm in its cells is no longer active.
• Upon death, an organism decays and the nutrients
  return to the earth to support future life.

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What are the different feeding groups?

• There are two ways feeding groups are classified.
• Feeding groups can be classified by whether what
  they eat is living or dead.
• Feeding groups can also be based on food material
  that they eat.

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Classification based on food that is living or
dead.

• Biophage wildlife animal that eats living
  plants or animals.
• Saprophage wildlife animal that eats dead
  animals or plants.
• They are sometimes known as scavengers. (turkey
  vulture)

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Classification based on food material.

• Herbivore wildlife animal that eats only plant
  food material.
• Carnivore wildlife animal that eats only the
  flesh of other animals. Carnivores are usually
  the larger animals that prey on the smaller
  animals.
• Omnivore wildlife animal that eats both plant
  and animal material.

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What is an ecosystem? How are they important in
wildlife biology?

• Ecosystem the community of living and nonliving
  things in a particular environment or area.
• Ecosystems may be large or small and include air,
  water, and land.
• Ecosystems are always changing. If a drastic
  change occurs, an organism is forced ot seek a
  new place to live or it dies.

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What are the two major factors in an ecosystem?

• Biotic Factors a living organism, such as an
  animal or plant. Biotic factors depend on the
  abiotic factors for life-giving needs.
• Abiotic Factors nonliving things, such as
  water, sunlight, and soil. Without abiotic
  factors, organisms cannot live.

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Ecosystems

• Ecosystems have an organized energy transfer
  system.
• A Food Chain is the sequence in a community in
  which animal wildlife species get their food. All
  species have different food chains.
• The differences in the food chains form unique,
  interconnected food webs.

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Review / Summary

• What are the life processes of wildlife
  organisms?
• Why are they important?
• What are the life span stages of wildlife?
• What are the different feeding groups?
• What is an ecosystem?
• How are they important in wildlife biology?

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The End!