Nutrition for nursing

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Nutrition for nursing

• Dr. Fahad Aldhafiri

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Definitions

• Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in
  relation to the bodys dietary needs.
• Good nutrition an adequate, well balanced diet
  combined with regular physical activity is a
  cornerstone of good health.
• Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity,
  increased susceptibility to disease, impaired
  physical and mental development, and reduced
  productivity.

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Food and nutrients

• Food are substance that are taken into body to
  sustain life, provide energy and promote growth.
• Food are comprised of nutrients value. By
  ingesting food, our bodies are able to absorb the
  nutrients.
• Nutrients are substance that gives us
  nourishment- essential for body live and
  functions.
• Nutrients are 6 groups
• Protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamin,
  mineral and water
• All foods are mad up of these 6 nutrients.

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Calories

• A measure of heat. It is the amount of heat or
  energy required to do the work of the body.
• Or
• The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1
  gram of water by 1 Co .
• The energy value of food is expressed as the
  number of kilocalorie specified portion of the
  food will yield when oxidized in the body

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Functions of food

• Good nutrition is essential to good health
  throughout life

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Functions of food

• To sustain life, the nutrients in the food must
  perform three basic functions within the body

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1. Provide energy (carbohydrates, fats, proteins).
2. Build tissues (proteins, minerals, vitamins,
   fatty acids)
3. Regulate metabolic processes (vitamin, minerals,
   water and fiber)

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Evidence of good nutrition

• Well developed body.
• Ideal weight for height.
• Good muscle development and tone.

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Evidence of good nutrition

• Skin is smooth
• clear hair is glossy.
• Eyes clear and bright.
• Posture is good.
• Facial expression alert.

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Evidence of good nutrition

• Appetite, digestion and elimination are normal.
• Well nourished people are much more likely to be
  alert both mentally and physically.
• They are also more able to resist infections.

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Evidence of good nutrition

• Proper diet not only creates healthier people but
  also extends their years of normal functioning

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A balance diet

• A balanced diet is defined as one which contains
  a variety of foods in such quantities and
  proportions that the need for energy.
• Protein, vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates
  and other nutrients are adequately met for
  maintaining health, vitality and well-being.

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How to plan a balance diet

• The daily requirement of protein is 15-20 of the
  daily energy intake.
• The daily requirement of fat is 20-30 of the
  daily energy intake.
• The daily requirement of carbohydrates 50 65
  of the daily energy intake. It should be rich in
  nature fiber.

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How to plan a balance diet

• The requirements of micronutrients should be met.
  
• Consider the age, sex, weight, health status and
  type of work of the individual.
• Number of meals- at least three principal meals
  should be served through the day.

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Food groups

• Macronutrients
• Protein, carbohydrate and fat.
• Micronutrients
• Vitamin and minerals.

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Measurement of energy

• The energy value of foods has long been expressed
  in terms of the kilo-calorie (kcal).

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Measurement of energy

• The dietary sources of energy are ( proteins,
  fat, carbohydrates).
• They supply energy at the following rates
• 1gram of Protein gives 4 kcal
• 1 gram of carbohydrates gives 4 kcal
• 1 gram of fat gives 9 kcal

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Energy requirements

• Definition
• is the amount of food energy needed to
  balance energy expenditure in order to maintain
  body size, body composition and a level of
  necessary and desirable physical activity
  consistent with long-term good health.

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Components of energy requirements

•  Energy required for basal metabolism- is
  essentially the minimum amount of calories
  required to sustain life in a resting individual.
  
• 2. Energy required for daily activities as
  walking, setting, standing

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Schofield equation
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• Sedentary people should multiply by 1.3.
  Sedentary is very physically inactive, inactive
  in both work and leisure.
• Lightly active men should multiply by 1.6 and
  women by 1.5. Lightly active means the daily
  routine includes some walking, or intense
  exercise once or twice per week. Most students
  are in this category.
• Moderately active men should multiply by 1.7 and
  women by 1.6. Moderately active means intense
  exercise lasting 2045 minutes at least three
  time per week, or a job with a lot of walking, or
  a moderate intensity job.
• Very Active men should multiply by 2.1 and women
  by 1.9. Very active means intense exercise
  lasting at least an hour per day, or a heavy
  physical job, such as a mail carrier or an
  athlete in training.
• Extremely active men should multiply by 2.4 and
  women by 2.2. Extremely active means an athlete
  on an unstoppable training schedule or a very
  demanding job, such as working in the armed
  forces or shoveling coal.