Special Dietary Requirements

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Special Dietary Requirements

• What are they?

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There are a wide range of special dietary
requirements that need to be catered for in the
hospitality industry.

• Vegetarian
• Vegan
• No Red Meat
• Diabetic
• Coeliac - No Gluten
• Lactose Intolerant
• Nut Allergies
• Allergies

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Vegetarian Diets

• Most common dietary requirement
• differ between individuals.
• All vegetarians abstain from meat but some may
  eat seafood, dairy and eggs.
• some lean more towards veganism, refusing all
  animal by-products including honey and butter.
• Meat substitutes such as quorn and tofu are
  widely available use with plenty of spices and
  vegetables,
• Middle eastern, Mexican and Mediterranean foods
  are easy to give a vegetarian twist.
• Hearty soups, burritos, falafels and hummus are
  universally loved vegetarian dishes
• http//www.entertainmentexpert.co.uk/GuestsDietary
  Requirements.html

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Vegan

• Vegans, in addition to being vegetarian, do not
  use other animal products and by-products such as
  eggs, dairy products, honey, leather, fur, silk,
  wool, cosmetics, and soaps derived from animal
  products.
• People choose to be vegan for health,
  environmental, and/or ethical reasons.

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Common Vegan Foods

• Oatmeal, stir-fried vegetables, cereal, toast,
  orange juice, peanut butter on whole wheat bread,
  frozen fruit desserts, lentil soup, salad bar
  items like chickpeas and three bean salad, dates,
  apples, macaroni, fruit smoothies, popcorn,
  spaghetti, vegetarian baked beans, guacamole,
  chili...

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Vegans also eat

• Tofu lasagna, homemade pancakes without eggs,
  hummus, eggless cookies, soy ice cream, tempeh,
  corn chowder, soy yogurt, rice pudding, fava
  beans, banana muffins, spinach pies, oat nut
  burgers, falafel, corn fritters, French toast
  made with soy milk, soy hot dogs, vegetable
  burgers, pumpkin casserole, scrambled tofu,
  seitan.

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When eating out vegans could choose

• Pizza without cheese, Chinese moo shu vegetables,
  Indian curries and dahl, eggplant dishes without
  the cheese, bean tacos without the lard and
  cheese (available from Taco Bell and other
  Mexican restaurants), Middle Eastern hummus and
  tabouli, Ethiopian injera (flat bread) and lentil
  stew, Thai vegetable curries...
• http//www.vrg.org/nutshell/vegan.htm

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Diabetic-special dietary restrictions

• Diabetes can be better managed through healthy
  eating, combined with regular physical activity
  and weight control. No special diets are
  required.
• recommended to follow a healthy eating plan based
  on high fibre carbohydrate foods such as
  wholegrain breads and cereals, vegetables and
  fruit.
• Limit fat intake, especially saturated fat.
• Choose foods low in salt
• consume only moderate amounts of sugars and food
  containing added sugars. http//www.betterhealth
  .vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Diabetes_a
  nd_healthy_eating

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Gluten Free - special dietary requirements for
coeliac disease

• A gluten-free special dietary requirements diet
  is paramount to people who suffer from coeliac
  disease or dermatitis herpetiformis (a gluten
  induced skin sensitivity).
• gluten is a mixture of proteins (glutenin and
  gliadin) found in some cereals, particularly
  wheat
• gliadin component of gluten is responsible for
  coeliac disease.

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Gluten Free Requirements - coeliac disease

• gluten-free special dietary requirements diet is
  not the same as a wheat-free diet,
• some gluten-free foods are not wheat free.
• it is still unknown how or exactly why gluten
  harms the gut.
• complete avoidance of all foods made from or
  containing wheat, rye, barley and usually, oats.

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Wheat Free special dietary requirements

• wheat is an allergen which can be either ingested
  or inhaled.
• symptoms associated with wheat allergies are
  tiredness, depression, bloating, diarrhoea and
  mouth ulcers.
• wheat free foods are available, such as bread,
  pizzas, pastas, pastries and even steak pie it
  is possible to enjoy the alternatives and be safe
  with special dietary requirements.      

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Wheat Free special dietary requirements

• avoid such associated foods, like bread crumbs,
  bran, cereal extract, cereal protein, couscous,
  bulgar or bulgur wheat, cracker meal, enriched
  flour, gluten, semolina wheat, high protein
  flour, malt, malt vinegar, starch, rusk, baking
  powder.
• care is taken when choosing gelonized starch,
  spelt, kamut, anything from the Triticum family,
  modified food starch, modified starch, hyrolised
  starch, soy sauce, vegetable gum or vegetable
  starch, MSG, citric acid, mustard powder, beer,
  ale and root beer, malted milk, dextrins, miso,
  suet.
• http//www.recipestocook.com/Diets/special20dieta
  ry20requirements.htm

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Egg Free special dietary requirements

• allergy to eggs can cause a variety of symptoms
  such as gastrointestinal discomfort, skin rash,
  hives, and breathing difficulties.
• in serious cases, life threatening reactions
  called anaphylaxis.
• must ensure that food labels are carefully read
  to ensure that the individual knows what products
  may contain eggs or egg byproducts, such as
  globulin, livetin, mayonnaise, meringue,
  lysozyme,ovalbumin, ovomucin, ovomucoid and
  ovovitellinor.

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Lactose Intolerant

• a type of food intolerance - inadequate amounts
  of the lactase enzyme available to break down
  lactose- the disaccharide in milk into glucose
  and galactose
• Management involves firstly finding the lactose
  dose that the person can tolerate without
  symptoms,
• Secondly maintaining a balanced diet which
  provides adequate amounts of calcium and other
  nutrients provided by dairy foods.

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Dairy Free Diet

• The aim of the Dairy-Free Diet is to eliminate
  major and minor sources of dairy foods and their
  derivatives in order to prevent symptoms of the
  food intolerance or allergy from occurring
• A dairy intolerance or allergy is often
  implicated in eczema, sinusitis, rhinitis,
  headache, migraine, asthma and digestive
  disturbances.

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DIET SHOULD BE ADEQUATE IN CALCIUM

• The following non-dairy foods are good sources of
  calcium1. Soy products. Use soy milk (fortified
  with calcium), soy-based yoghurts and tofu
  ice-cream.2. Fish with soft, edible bones such
  as sardines, herrings and tinned salmon.3. Green
  vegetables such as Chinese greens, kale and
  broccoli. 4. Almonds, brazil nuts, sunflower and
  sesame seeds.5. Baked beans.6.
  Calcium-fortified cereals and bread (check
  labels).

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DIET SHOULD ELIMINATE

• 1. Dairy (animal) milk in all forms - whole,
  skim/skimmed, modified milk, evaporated and
  condensed milk, milk powder, non-fat milk solids,
  whey, buttermilk.2. Cream, ice-cream, yoghurt,
  custard, dairy desserts, mousses, cheesecakes,
  milk chocolate.3. Cheese, cottage cheese,
  ricotta cheese, cream cheese, cheese spreads,
  cheese slices, cheese-flavoured snack foods,
  milk-based sauces, mornays.4. Butter and
  margarine (small amounts of milk protein).NOTE
  Check all food labels for ingredients derived
  from animals milk such as whey, non-fat milk
  solids, casein, caseinate. Some people may be
  able to tolerate goats milk but often this
  contains the same allergenic proteins as cows
  milk.
• http//au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/health/reference/200
  82008/dairy-free-diet/index.html

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Nut Allergy

• Allergic reaction to nuts can progress rapidly to
  anaphylaxis. Peanut allergy is responsible for
  more deaths than any other type of allergy.
• strictly avoiding nuts, including peanuts and
  tree nuts like cashews and walnuts, and food
  containing nuts is the only way to prevent a
  reaction
• it is not always easy to avoid these foods since
  many unsuspecting products contain nuts.
• http//www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/nut-allergy

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Examples of peanut and tree-nut products and
foods that may contain them, include
Peanut Products Peanut-Containing Ingredients Tree Nuts Tree Nut-Containing Ingredients Nut-Containing Foods
Cold-pressed or expressed peanut oilPeanut butterPeanut flour Hydrolyzed plant proteinHydrolyzed vegetable protein AlmondsBrazil nutsCashewsChestnutsFilbertsHazelnutsHickory nutsMacadamia nutsPecansPine nutsPistachiosWalnuts Marzipan / almond pasteNougatArtificial nutsNut butters (such as cashew butter and almond butter)Nut oilNut paste (such as almond paste)Nut extracts (such as almond extract) Ground nutsMixed nutsChex mixArtificial nutsNougatAfrican, Chinese, Thai, and other ethnic dishesCookies, candy, pastries, and other baked goodsGrain breadsIce cream, frozen dessertsHigh-energy barsCereals and granolaSalad dressingMarzipan
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Common Food Allergens

• A food allergy is an immune system response to a
  food that the body mistakenly believes is
  harmful.
• Although an individual could be allergic to any
  food, such as fruits, vegetables, and meats,
  there are eight foods that account for 90 of all
  food-allergic reactions. These are milk, egg,
  peanut, tree nut (walnut, cashew, etc.), fish,
  shellfish, soy, and wheat.
• Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that
  is rapid in onset and may cause death.