Direct and Indirect speech

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Lesson 34
Direct and Indirect speech
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The changes from direct speech to indirect speech

• 1 the changing of verb if the reporting verb is
  in the present tense, then the verb in the
  indirect speech has no change in tense and case.

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2 If the reporting verb is in the past tense,
then the verb in the indirect speech should be
put to its past further.

• He said, The committee are quarrelling among
  themselves.
• He said the committee were quarrelling among
  themselves.
• He said, The secretary has turned down the
  proposal.
• He said the secretary had turned down the
  proposal.

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3But in the following occasion, the verb in the
indirect speech doesnt change.

• The quotation is object fact, scientific truth,
  present habitual action and maxim,it doesnt
  chang
• He said, The word laseris an acronym.
• ? He said the word laser is an acronym.

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b)The quotation is in subjunctive mood.

• I suggest the meeting be put off till next
  week, he said.
• He suggested the meeting be put off till the next
  week.

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c) The state and action which is quotated is
still going on.

• Im forty, he said.
• He said he is forty.

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d)The modal verb in the quotation doesnt have
past tense form.

• He said, It must be pretty late. I really must
  go.
• ? He said it must be pretty late, and he really
  must go.

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4 Other changes

• pronoun the first person pronoun should be
  changed to the third person the second person
  pronoun should be put to the first peron pronoun.
  
• He said, We love our country.
• ? He said they love their country.

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Demostrative pronoun and determiner

• this?that/it these? those/ they/them

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2) The changes of time adverbial

• He said, It was completed a year ago.
• ? He said it had been completed a year before.
• Today? that day
• This morning/ afternoon? that morning /afaternoon
• Tomorrow? the folloing day

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• Yesterday? the day before, the previous day
• The day before yesterday? two days before
• Tomorrow? the following/ next day
• The day after tomorrow? two days after, in two
  days time
• .

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• Next week/ month, etc? the next week/ month, etc
• Last week/ month? the week/ month before
• Now? then

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Exercise

• Put the following into indirect speech
• 1 In most countries red stands for danger,
  said Mr Jackson.
• 2 I wish I had six weeks for a holiday,said Mr
  Jones.

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The indirect speech in interrogative sentences
Direct speech Indirect speech
Whether, if In general question He said to me, May I go? He asked me if he might go.
Use the Wh- special question He asked me, What is your name? He asked me what my name was.
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Exercise

• 1 Are you being attended to, sir ?
• 2 Why is your mother driving so fast?
• 3 Why not take more exercise?

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Imperative sentence

• Ask, order, tell, beg, warn remind, advise should
  be used.
• Leave the room quietly.
• He told me to leave the room quietly.
• Be careful with the dog.
• I warned you to be careful with the dog.

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Excercise

• Put the following into indirect speech, using the
  verb in the bracket
• 1 Climb in through the window. (order)
• 2 Dont let it boil over. (warn)
• 3 Wash it in lukewarm water. (recommend).

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Exclamatory Sentence

• 1) Use what, how, that
• what a lovely house!
• ? He remarked what a lovely house it was.
• ? he remared that it was a lovely house.
• 2) change it into a declarative sentence
• What beautiful weather!
• ? He commented on the beautiful weather.