Title: Solar%20Power
1Solar Power
Interesting factoid Solar consumes less land
per MW of electricity than either coal or hydro
dams
2CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)(These are thermal
generating plantsjust like coal, nuclear,
natural gas)create heat, boil water to get
steam, steam turns turbine, voila!
electricity)More output with higher ambient
temperatures.
- There are two types
- Parabolic Troughs and
- Power Towers
3Parabolic Troughs
- Linear parabolic mirrors focus light on a tube
- Very efficient (60) utilize salt heated to 1000
degrees - Insulated storage for salt
- Then hot salt boils water, steam turns turbine,
turbine turns generator. Voila! 24 hour solar
electricity - also
- Natural gas boiler integrated into loop as backup
4Parabolic Trough
5Another way to view a parabolic trough
6Solar Trough farms in the US
7 Solar One Parabolic Trough in Nevada 64 MW
400 acres (15,000 homes)
8Nevada Solar One Schematic Diagram
9Abengoa Solar Trough Farms
- Gila Bend AZ 280 MW CSP, the largest in the
world (70,000 homes suppliedcovers 1900 acres),
and a second 280 MW plant under construction near
Barstow, CA (54,000 homes).
10Abengoa Solar, Gila BendBuilt on abandoned
farmland with exhausted water source
11Greentech Mediafor the latest in . . .well,
greentechand from National Renewable Energy
LabThermal StorageAnd the California ISO
website shows demand and renewable output.
12Solar One Power Tower in Barstow California
- 1981 the original Power Tower. Rebuilt as Solar
Two but dead in 1999. Generated 10MW
13PS-10 Power Tower in Spain
- Mirrors focus sunlight onto a small area at top
of 300 foot tall tower. - Utilizes a liquid salt as a fluid to collect and
transport heat to boil water, steam turns
turbine, turbine turns generator, voila!
electricity. - Power 65,000 homes
- Integral is Sevilla PV, an integrated
photovoltaic array that will power 1800 homes
14The PS 10, 11MW Heliostat Tower in Spain
15Hallelujah!
16Ivanpah Power Towerseastern California. 4000
acres. Towers 500 feet tall. 170,000 heliostats
(mirrors)390 MW Equals 140,000 homes
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1850 million unsuccessful attempt to relocate
endangered desert tortoises. There are desert
ecosystems--no free lunches
19And then there are Streamers
- It appears Ivanpah may act as a mega-trap,
attracting insects which in turn attract
insect-eating birds, which are incapacitated by
solar-flux injury, thus attracting predators and
creating an entire food chain vulnerable to
injury and death, concluded scientists with the
National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory
in a report that investigated 233 bird deaths
representing 71 species at three Southern
California solar power plants. - Ivanpah employees called such immolations
streamers, said The Atlantic. - US Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law
Enforcement staff observed an average of one
streamer event every two minutes.
20Crescent Dunes CSP Salt StorageFirst of its
kind near Tonapah, NV
- 110 megawatt system
- 10 hours of salt storage
21But . . . Lets not forget Photovoltaic(Sunlight
directly into electricity)PV is more efficient
at cooler temperatures
- 12,000 MW end of 2013, 41 increase over 2012
- 36 increase from 2013 to 2014 predicted at
midyear. - Big investors see big, safe opportunitiesWarren
Buffet in Agua Caliente California, 16 Billion
green bonds so far 2014 - Solar City stock rose 200 in 2013
- Solar City model. Install homeowner PV systems
for free, then take tax credits and a portion of
output to pay for systems.
22And . . . . . My favorite!!!!!!!!!!!
- THERE ARE NO MOVING PARTS IN A PV SYSTEM. THESE
BABIES JUST SIT THERE MAKING ELECTRICITY WITH
ALMOST NO MAINTENANCE.
23Desert Sunlight Solar Farm 550MW180,000
homes Mojave Desert, CA 3,800 acres.
24Topaz Solar Farm. 550MW, 180,000 homes Mojave
Desert, CA 4700 acres
25Agua Caliente Solar PV Project-Mojave Desert
California. 290MWCompleted 2014
26New US Power Generation 2012, 2013. Wind crashed,
natural gas increased, solar tripled
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30Gujarat India, 600MW currentlyIndia intends to
be a world leader in PV
31More Gujaratthese guys are serious!
32PV, Whos installing it?
33Geothermal EnergyThese are thermal plants
- Most common utilizes very hot water or steam.
The Geysers in California. - About 30 square miles active site.
- About 1000 MW continual output.
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35Dry Steam and Flash SteamRequires very hot
water/steam (The Geysers Model)
36Enhanced Geothermal SystemsGot Hot Rocks?
- AltaRock Energy Inc. at Newberry Volcano near
Bend. - Drill one hole into hot (600 degrees F) dry rock
- Fracture rock by injecting cold water
- Drill more holes about 1500 feet away
- Pump water down original hole and out secondary
holes. Convert to steam and use flash (direct)
or heat exchanger/binary systems to drive steam
turbine and generate electricity. - October/November 2014 Stimulation tests.
37Enhanced Geothermal SystemUtilizing Hot, Dry
Bedrock
38Binary SystemUtilizes a secondary closed loop of
low boiling point substance to drive the turbine
(Probable EGS modellow water consumption.
39U.S. GeothermalNeal Hot SpringsHarney
CountyBinary System
- Utilizes hot water to boil secondary fluid in a
heat exchanger. - 23 MW Energy (perhaps enough for 26,000 homes)
- 136 million cost
40Neal Hot Springs Geothermal Plant
41Ground/Water Source Heat Pump Home Heating and
Cooling
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44Benefits
- 50 - 70 more efficient than fossil fuel systems
- 25 - 50 less operating cost
45Drawbacks
- Costs Several Times more than other
heating/cooling systems - Not many installers or repair/adjustment
companies yet
46Lets Go Swimming
- Hydropower used to mean big dams on
streamsexploiting moving river water. - Now it also means exploiting tidal flow with
turbines (including tidal barrages). - And exploiting wave action with buoys of various
types, some floating some anchored. - And a third category exploits ocean temperature
differences Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion - OK, lets go swimming!
47Water Turbines (like wind turbines but tiny in
comparison)
- Water is 784 times more dense than air 784
times more energy per unit area of moving water. - Dependabletide goes in and out on a regular
basis. Rivers flow at a dependable rate - Widespread possibilities.
- In reality, still in test modeproduction costs
still very speculative.
48Marine Current TurbineWorlds First Commercial
Scale Tidal Turbine (Strangford Lough, N.
Ireland)1.2 MW capability (1000 homes)
49Alstom Tidal TurbineOrkney ScotlandSeveral
actually working worldwide
50Atlantis Resources MeyGenin Pentland Firth,
Scotland
Up to 61 of these by 2020, enough for 42,000
homes.
Potential for 269 170,000 homes
51Tidal Barrage SystemAdvantage is that this one
can function as a battery saving impounded
water to generate electricity later
52La Rance Tidal Barrage in France-Built 1966240MW
plant 26 efficient 62 MW output
53Sihwa Tidal Barrage, Korea, 2011256 KW
installedI couldnt find actual output
54Exploiting Wave Action
- Lots of Experimenting, no commercial examples
yetat least none that I know of, but here are
some of the ideas.
55Lots of Ideas
56Pelamis Wave Energy Converter (Attenuator
typehinged barrels)OR Loch Ness Monster!750
KW per monster. No commercial farms yet
57Ocean Power Technology PB150 Powerbuoy (Point
absorber typebobs up and down)
- Potential 150 KW
- output 36 54 KW
- Another model-PB40 (40kw
- output) demos around
- the world for Testing.
58Columbia Power Stingray(Point absorber
typebobs and rocks)OSU developedmakes no sense
to me!
59Penguin Wave Energy(Point absorber typesort
of, red gizmo twirls around)
60Worlds first grid connected wave power
stationIn Australia. Buoys move up and down,
which pump seawater ashore to turn turbines.
61Aquamarine Power Oyster Wave Power(surge
converter type. Pumps water to shore where it
turns a turbine)
62Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) (exploits
ocean temperature differences)
- As Near as I can tell there are no operating
systems utilizing the temperature differences in
the ocean. In theory and in demos it works, but
the costs are so high that nobody has yet
invested in a commercial scale site.
63Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) (exploits
ocean temperature differences)In theory it is
simple in practice it is wildly expensive
64Finally lets save some energy withEnernet /
Cleanweb / Soft Grid
- Definition Internet-enabled efficiency
- A. Digital Lumens Company utilizes LED lights
motion sensors ambient light sensors data
internet technologies. Reduce energy consumption
by 90 or more.
65Enernet or Cleanweb or Soft Grid
- Definition Internet-enabled efficiency
- A. Digital Lumens Company utilizes LED lights
motion sensors ambient light sensors data
internet technologies. Reduce energy consumption
by 90 or more. - B. Opower Company provides digital consumption
alerts via smart phones, iPad apps, smart
thermostats to make consumers aware of their
energy use but also their neighbors use
(anonymously). 85 unilities, 27 countries, 18
million homes.
66Enernet or Cleanweb or Soft Grid
- Definition Internet-enabled efficiency
- A. Digital Lumens Company utilizes LED lights
motion sensors ambient light sensors data
internet technologies. Reduce energy consumption
by 90 or more. - B. Opower Company provides digital consumption
alerts via smart phones, iPad apps, smart
thermostats to make consumers aware of their
energy use but also their neighbors use
(anonymously). 85 unilities, 27 countries, 18
million homes. - C. EnerNOC Company works with 14,000 customers
in five states. When a utility nears capacity,
contacts customers, who then reduce consumption
for a fee. Can cut demand 30-35
67Enernet or Cleanweb or Soft Grid
- Definition Internet-enabled efficiency
- C. EnerNOC Company works with 14,000 customers
in five states. When a utility nears capacity,
contacts customers, who then reduce consumption
for a fee. Can curtail 30-35 - D. Nest Labs Company sells thermostats that
learn a house energy needs, and begins to set
itself. At its core it is a smart phone on your
wall. It is internet connected, so can be
controlled remotely. It also allows devices in
home to communicate with each other via
internetlike CO2 detector talking with furnace.
68Google!!!!!
- And Google is buying em all. It is a great
data collection resource, then that data can be
used for . . . . .trust us says Google, just
trust us
69The Smart Grid
- Surfaced five years ago then faded away
- Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demo. Proj.
- Means to adjust load reduce demand
- Bondurant WyomingUtility can control private
water heaters temporarily - Portland General Electric 5MW battery bank can
carry 500 homes for 20 minutes - Flathead Electric Company (MT) Differential
Pricing. Appliances programmed to turn on when
price is low/not turn on when price is high (4X
higher max).