Spanish-American War

1
Spanish-American War

• American Neo-Imperialism
• And American Foreign Policy

2
Platt Amendment (1901)

• U.S.-Cuban Agreement
• Never to sign a treaty with foreign power that
  impairs independence.
• Never to build up an excessive public debt
• To permit the U.S. to intervene in Cubas affairs
  to preserve its independence and maintain law and
  order
• To allow the U.S. to maintain naval bases in
  Cuba, including one at Guantanamo Bay.

3
Open Door Policy with China

• John Hay spheres of influence
• Boxer Rebellion
• Hays Second Note
• Preserve Chinas territorial integrity
• Safeguard equal and impartial trade with all
  parts of the Chinese empire.

4
Panama Canal

• Rationale for Canal
• Revolution in Panama Columbian Influence
• U.S. connection from Pacific to Atlantic
• Military
• Imperialism and trade / spheres of influence
• Future income from use
• Limit availability and control/persuade other
  nations for use agreements.

5
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)

• Great Britain agreed to abrogate an earlier 1850
  agreement in which a Central American canal would
  be U.S. and British. Abrogate cancel
• U.S. can now build canal without British control.

6
Building the Canal

• Started in 1904 completed in 1914
• George Goethals and Dr.William Gorgas
• Goethals Chief engineer and canal zone
  administrator
• Gorgas Minimizes yellow fever do to mosquitoes

7
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

• Latin American financial debt to Europe.
• 1902 British war ships dispatched to Venezuela
  for repayment of debt.
• 1904 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
  European repayment of debt and land disputes.
• Dec. 1904 U.S. will intervene instead.
  (Roosevelt Corollary) U.S. would occupy major
  ports collection of taxes to satisfy foreign
  debt.
• 1912 - Lodge Corollary

8
Roosevelt Corollary in Use

• Over the next 20yrs
• Haiti
• Honduras
• Dominican Republic
• Nicaragua
• Long-term result is U.S. negative (resented)
  relationship with Latin America.

9
Presidency in Trouble

• Latin America angered at T.R.s role in Panama
  Revolution.
• Teller Amendment U.S. limited imperialists
• Philippine and Cuban Annexation are contended and
  quite different. The U.S. has an Interventionist
  motive.
• In 1921, U.S. will pay Columbia 25 million for
  its loss of Panama.

10
Tafts message to Congress

• On December 3, 1912, President Taft looked back
  at the foreign policy followed by the United
  States during his administration and noted
• "The diplomacy of the present administration has
  sought to respond to modern ideas of commercial
  intercourse. This policy has been characterized
  as substituting dollars for bullets. It is one
  that appeals alike to idealistic humanitarian
  sentiments, to the dictates of sound policy and
  strategy, and to legitimate commercial aims."

11
RootTakahira Agreement

• An agreement between the United States and the
  Empire of Japan negotiated between U.S. Secretary
  of State Elihu Root and Japanese Ambassador to
  the United States Takahira.
• Signed in November of 1908, the agreement
  consisted of an official recognition of the
  territorial status quo as of November 1908,
  affirmation of the independence and territorial
  integrity of China. (i.e. the "Open Door Policy"
  as proposed by John Hay), maintenance of free
  trade and equal commercial opportunities.

12
Wilsons Moral Diplomacy

• Wilson abandoned the imperialist policy and
  brought to the White House a new way of looking
  at America's relations with the outside world.
• The U.S. was the most politically enlightened
  nation under God, he felt that all peoples
  throughout the world had the right to
  
• self-determination that the people in
  every country should have the right to
  choose their own governments.
• Secretary of State Bryan, felt that it was
  America's duty to protect democracy and free
  peoples in other countries rather than to spread
  it throughout the globe.

13
Progressive Imperialism

• Big Stick Policy
• speak softly and carry a big stick
• Strong Military but use diplomacy
• Dollar Diplomacy
• Using foreign aid to () manipulate other
  nations. - Builds dependency
• Moral Diplomacy
• Right past wrongs.
• US to expand the Constitution and Progressive
  Reforms.