The Spanish-American War

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The Spanish-American War1898

• A splendid, little war-
• Secretary of State John Hay

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The Spanish American War

• Rebellion broke out in Cuba in 1895 seeking
  independence from Spain. (imperialism)
• Jose Marti-Hero of the Cuban independence
  movement.
• Traveled to the U.S. to gather money, arms, and
  troops.
• In 1895 he led his people in a huge revolt
  against Spanish occupation.
• Some Cuban people were being held in
  concentration camps and being treated very
  poorly.
• United States became concerned about Cubas
  people and we got concern (here starts the
  worlds policeman theory)
• Yellow journalism (exaggerated writing) whipped
  the American public into a hostile frenzy.
• Hearst
• Pulitzer

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The SpanishAmerican War

• The battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana
  harbor in 1898 killing 260 American sailors.
• Most believed at the time that Spain blew up the
  Maine.
• U.S. declared war on Spain.
• Congress declared Cuba independent.

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Campaigns

• Manila (Philippines)
• Commodore George Dewey launches a surprise
  attackDestroys the whole Spanish fleet in a few
  hours.
• Thousands of miles awayfirst military action
  starts here
• U.S. troops and Pilipino rebels capture the city
  of Manila.
• Havana Harbor (Cuba)
• U.S. Navy destroyed Spanish fleet in Cuba.
• Teddy Roosevelts Rough Riders won the battle
  of San Juan Hill.

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Key Figures-Philippines

• Emilio Aguinaldo-Filipino rebel.
• Fought with the U.S. to defeat the Spanish.
• Then, fought against the U.S. for a independent
  Philippines.
• Commodore Dewey- U.S. naval leader in the
  Philippines.
• Defeated the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay and was
  an instant hero.

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Results

• 5,462 Americans died (379 in battle) Most killed
  by malaria, typhoid, dysentery, or yellow fever
• Wool uniforms and diseased, rotten, or poisoned
  rations.
• War ended less than 4 months after it started
• U.S. annexed Puerto Rico and Guam (also, was a
  protectorate of Cuba and occupied the
  Philippines)
• Cuba was given independence w/ Platt Amendment

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Acquiring The Philippines

• Now, what should we do with the Philippines?
• Anti-Imperialists in the U.S.-
• Americas rule of the Philippians went against
  the democratic principles on which the U.S. was
  founded.
• --Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie
• Imperialists-
• Philippines would provide the U.S. with another
  naval base in the Pacific and a large market for
  American goods. This would help the uncivilized
  people of the word.

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Rebellion in The Philippines

• Now, what did happen with the Philippines?
• The U.S. learned that controlling the new empire
  (the Philippines) was more difficult than
  expected.
• They were now fighting Emilio Aguinaldos rebel
  troops for independence.
• Finally, the U.S. decided to prepare the
  Philippines for self-rule.
• In 1946, the Philippines gained its independence
  from the U.S.

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Key Dates

• 1895 -Jose Marti returns to Cuba to lead a revolt
• January, 1898-McKinley sends the Maine to Cuba
• February 15th, 1898-The Maine blows up in Havana
  Harbor
• April 25th, 1898-Congress declared war on Spain
• May 1st, 1898-Dewey launched a surprise attack on
  the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay
• July 1st, 1898-Rough Riders defeat the Spanish in
  the Battle of San Juan Hill
• July 3rd, 1898- Spanish Fleet is destroyed in
  Santiago Harbor, Cuba
• August 12th, 1898- Spanish signed an armistice,
  or peace agreement with U.S.---Treaty of Paris

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