Title: Chapter 10 Energy In a Cell
1Chapter 10Energy In a Cell
Cellular Energy Chapter 10
2I. ATP
- All living things need energy
- In a cell, energy is released when chemical
reactions break chemical bonds
3- ATP is adenosine triphosphate- a chemical
compound that living organisms use to store and
release energy - 1. It is made when organisims break down glucose
and starch.
4- ATP has 3 major parts
- A. Adenine
- B. Ribose
- C. Phosphate
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6General Structure
7b. ATP stores energy when the third phsophate is
added
- I. With only two phosphates the molecule is
called ADP, or adenosine diphosphate
8ADP molecule
Phosphate
Adenine
Ribose
9ii. ADP is like a re-chargeable battery
10Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Fully Charged Battery
Partially Charged Battery
11- ii. Because ATP only stores energy for a short
period of time the cell has more ADP than ATP - iii. Cells use the energy from carbohydrates to
add phosphates to ADP to create more ATP when
needed
12Energy from ATP Provides energy for metabolic
processes
- active transport
- moving organisms into the cell
- Cell growth and repair
- Movement, digestion etc.
13- 5. ATP moves two potassium and three sodium
ions across the sodium-potassium pump in
different direction
14- ADP P Energy ---gt ATP
- ATP --gt ADP P Energy
15Copy and complete
- List the three parts of an ATP molecule. Adenine,
ribose sugar, and phosphate - Compare and contrast ATP and ADP. ATP has one
extra phosphate - How is energy released from ATP? From the bond on
the third phosphate - List three transactions in a cell that require
ATP. Active transport, cell growth, movement - What sugar does ADP contain? ribose
- Where is the energy stored in ATP? From the bond
on the third phosphate - What happens to ATP after the energy has been
released? It forms ADP-like an uncharged battery
16Photosynthesis
17- I. All organisms need energy.
- a. The sun is the main source of energy for all
living things
18- b. All living things live by releasing energy
found in the chemical bonds of compounds such as
glucose
19- Living things can be
- 1. Autotrophs- organism, like plant, that use
the suns energy to make energy containing
compounds such as sugar and carbohydrates
20- 2. Heterotrophs- organisms, like animals, that
get energy from the sun indirectly by consuming
food that have energy stored in them
21- II. Photosynthesis- process in which autotrophs
use the energy in the sun to change water and
carbon dioxide (CO2) into simple sugar and oxygen - The equation for photosynthesis is
CO2 H2O Light -gt O2 C6H12O6
22There are two main parts of photosynthesis
- a. Light Dependent Reactions
- i. This stage requires light.
- ii. Electrons in the chlorophyll absorb the light
energy. - -Chlorophyll are structures in the
chloroplasts that reflect green and yellow light
and absorbs all others - iii. Energy from electrons is used to convert ADP
to ATP.
23Light Energy
Sugars O2
CO2 H2O
Sugars O2
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25Absorption of Light Energy by Chlorophyll a and
Chlorophyll b
26- iv. Water molecules are split to form oxygen,
hydrogen ions, and electrons - v. Hydrogen ions attach to carrier molecules to
be used in later steps of photosynthesis - (The carrier molecule NADP becomes NADPH)
27Photosynthesis Overview
CO2 ATP NADPH
H2O
Light
ADP NADP
Chloroplast
Light Dependent Reactions
Calvin Cycle
ATP NADPH
Sugars
Oxygen
28b. Light Independent Reaction/The Calvin Cycle
- i. The second part of photosynthesis
- ii.This stage does NOT require light
- iii. Enzymes combine carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere with the hydrogen ions (from the light
reactions) to form simple sugars
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30- iv. This stage uses the ATP from the light
reactions and stores it in the chemical bonds of
glucose - v. Excess simple sugars are stored as complex
carbohydrates---cellulose and starch - vi. Plants break down the sugars from
photosynthesis for growth and development
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32- http//trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week3/06ca
mc4plants.html
33Affects on the rate Photosynthesis
- Intensity of light
- Amount of water
- Temperature (0-35oC)
34Copy and Complete
- What are the products of photosynthesis? Glucose
and oxygen - Where does the energy come from to convert ADP to
ATP? electrons - What three factors influence the rate of
photosynthesis? Amount of light , water and
temperature