1450 CE

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• 1450 CE 1750 CE Timeline and Chart (DUE at the
  end of February)
• For Timeline
• Choose one of the following pairs of places
• AMERICAS and EUROPE
• EAST ASIA and SOUTH ASIA
• EUROPE and EAST ASIA
• CENTRAL ASIA ( w Europe if you need) and EAST
  ASIA
• OCEANIA/ SOUTHEAST ASIA and EUROPE
• SUB SAHARAN AFRICA and EUROPE
• MIDDLE EAST and EUROPE
• For CHART
• Remember to clearly identify REGIONS for Change
  and Continuities
• Remember to give REASON for a Change AND
  Continuity that YOU identified

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AP World Midterm review How much do you
remember?
Write the names of the people at your table at
the top of the page. Write your period
-1 for every question wrong and 2nd Place
addtl -1 3rd -2 4th -3 5th -4 6th -5 Tie
decided by correct
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
42. 43. 44. 45.
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
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1450- 1750 CE The Early Modern Period
British Hegemony?

• The two hemispheres are joined in sustained
  contact AND
• so world trade networks flourish- fewer people
  remain
• outside of its influence- process of real
  GLOBALIZATION begins
• Balance of power in the world shifts in favor
  of Western Europe
• Land based empires retain control and power
  through
• use of gunpowder (Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals)
• Labor systems transformed slavery becomes
  central to world
• economy and expands to New World/ social systems
  established
• in Americas based on race
• Previously held belief systems are challenged
  (Reformation) while in some places reaffirmation
  of traditional beliefsstability
• Population compositions change world wide
  (plague, contact with Americas, reconfiguration
  of family, role of women)

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Chapter 22 Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections
We have seen Transoceanic Encounters Before-
EXAMPLES?? We have seen Global Connections
Before- EXAMPLES?
1. What are the preconditions for exploration
in the 15th C?

• Why the West?
• Answers lie in
• geography
• political and economic
• pluralism
• military inventions
• empowerment of middle
• class
• spirit of invention and
• free enterprise
• (By 1900, Europe controlled 85
• Of the globe)

Political Stability Economic strength and wealth
(government taxes or investors) Willingness to
take risks Skilled and educated
workers Technological Innovation
1. Why the West?
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• Psychological and physical obstacles impeded
• early exploration
• Thought there was a vast southern land mass that
  would
• block travel to the East around Africa
• Thought the earth was 7/8 land, underestimated
  size of earth

Ptolemys View of the World (from Geographia c
150 CE) - allowed European cartographers to
reconstruct Ptolemy's world view when an ancient
Greek manuscript was translated into Latin around
1300.
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Week of February 2nd. Due Tuesday 2/3
Notebook Check (50 points) Due Wednesday
2/4 C 23 study questions/ terms/YOUR section
of handout THURSDAY 2/5 In class DBQ
FEBRUARY AP Test Registration
FIELD TRIP TH 3/12
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Chapter 22 Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections
Mixed Motives New technologies used in
navigation
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• Chinese and European Exploration 1405-1498
• motives profit (sugarcane, slavery, gold)
  trade, missionary activity, show of power
• Portuguese excel Prince Henry the Navigator
  (Gibraltor 1415)
• wanted to avoid Muslim middlemen in trade
  with the East
• (collapse of the Byzantine Empire in 1453
  affected the trade routes )
• 1488 Bartolomeu Dias sailed around Cape of
  Good Hope
• 1497-1499 Vasco de Gama sailed to India and
  back
• 1492 Columbus sailed to the Indies (a.k.a
  San Salvador)

Why did England get involved In exploration so
late?
good voyage scurvy claimed the lives of
only 20 of the crew Da Gama lost 126/170 men
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Wind and Current Patterns in the Worlds Oceans
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Martin Behaim creator of the first spherical
globe of the Earth
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Used Ptolemys calculations for circumference
16,000 miles (9000 miles short) Insisted until
the day he died (1504)that he reached Asia
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• EFFECTS?
• Demographic ()/ Migrations of Populations ()(-)
• Economic Growth/ Creation of First Global Trading
  System ()
• Creation of New Business Opportunities ()
• Global Diffusion of Food and Domestic Animals()
• Increased Health and Nutrition () Permanent
  Alteration of Earths Cultural Exchange ()
  Environment (-)()
• Devastating Spread of Disease Pathogens (-)

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Columbian Exchange Cultural Experience Part I
(10 points) You will randomly choose TODAY. one
food item above to use in a recipe to share for a
Columbian Exchange CULTURAL EXPERIENCE   Prepare
an index card with name of food
item origins any unusual applications or uses fun
facts
5 points food 5 points card/explanation
TUES February 10
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Columbian Exchange Cultural Experience Part II
(5 points) You will randomly choose TODAY the
name of an influential AP World person. You will
research your person and come up with 5 facts
about that person- delivered one at a time- the
goal being that by the end, EVERYONE will be able
to guess who you are. BE Creative!
TUES February 10
5 excellent detailed facts
TUES 2/3 Find C 22 note sheet Fill in back with
Old World VS New World Foods
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Pope Alexander VI issued a Line of Demarcation
in 1493
Treaty of Tordesilla 1494
Spain
Portugal
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WHY Portugal And Spain first? (From your
homework questions.) How were the English and
Dutch trading companies organized and
administered? How were these companies able to
establish themselves in Asia?
Effects FR out of India GB got FR colonies in
Canada FR kept Caribbean posts SP kept Cuba GB
took Florida GB wins British hegemony
__________________________________________________
____________________ 1400 1500 1600
1700 1800 CE Prince Henry (P)
Alfonso English East James Cook
(GB) Motives? dAlbuquerque (P) India Co
(GB) Vitus Bering (Russia) Effects?
Effects? United East Seven Years
War India Co (VOC) 1756-1763 Bartholome
u Dias (P) (Dutch) Effects? GLOBAL
COMPETITION Vasco de Gama (P) MERCANTILISM
(Dutch kick out Portugal, Motives?
Ferdinand Magellan (P) FR and GB
compete for India, Effects? Effects?
FR, GB and SP in Americas) Christopher Spain
captures Columbus(S) Philippines Motives ? Sir
Frances Drake (GB) Russia expands into
Siberia Effects? Effects?
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• Establishment of Trading
• Post Empires
• Portuguese first
• (economic reasons)
• Alfonso dAlboquerque
• (safe conduct passes?)
• Portuguese control declines
• by end of 16th C (WHY?)

English and Dutch Trading Posts English East
India Trading Co Dutch United East India Co
(VOC) How were these trading companies
organized and administered? How were they able
to establish themselves in Asia?
Spanish in the Philippines Vs. Dutch in
Indonesia? (Direct vs. Indirect rule)
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Roald Amundsen 1872-1928
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Waldeseemullers world map 1507
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Jan Stobnicza 1512
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Social Development and Transformation of social structures                            
Political State-building, expansion and conflict                          
Interaction Between humans and the environment                    
S P I C E
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Social Development and Transformation of social structures                            
Political State-building, expansion and conflict                          
Interaction Between humans and the environment                    
Loss of status for noble class/ rise of the
peasants as consumers and a growing middle class/
middle class assuming larger role in
government economic power rests with family
(cottage industries form to replace
guilds) World Population rose 400 million
(1500) to 900 million (1800)
S P I C E
State sponsored exploration (Portugal and Spain
first)/ helped fuel economy Empire building
(trading posts, colonies) tied to missionary and
economic efforts Exploration as source of
identity and power in W Europe Seven Years War
(1756-1763)- power shift away from Ming,
Abbasid, Byzantine, Mongols..
European geography facilitated the building of
nation-states Volta do Mar, knowledge of wind
currents North Star, knowledge of latitude
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Culture Development and interaction of cultures                          
Economic Creation, expansion and interaction of economic systems                        
S P I C E
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Culture Development and interaction of cultures                          
Economic Creation, expansion and interaction of economic systems                        
Adopt sternpost rudder, compass, lateen sail,
gunpowder, mapmaking, Exploration (Manila
Galleons 1565-1815) Renaissance as a foundation
for this period
S P I C E
Primacy of the Roman Christian Church is fading
in Western Europe Role in political affairs is
weakening Still subject of art, missionary
movement still strong, Crusades,
Reconquista Nation states are tied to the church
Wanted to circumvent Muslim intermediaries- find
new route to the East Land routes not as safe
with fall of Mongols need to find a sea
route Cash crops mining and trade of silver
(Role of the Chinese here?) Trading post empires,
banking, adoption of Arabic numerals, safe
conduct passes English East India Co 1600, United
East India Co (VOC) 1602
New business practices joint stock companies,
banking, birth of Capitalism (explore for profit,
supply and demand control the marketplace) Improv
ement in mining techniques, Improvements in
military technology, printing press