Title: RNA and Protein Synthesis
1RNA and Protein Synthesis
2Write these terms in your journal
- Ribosome makes proteins
- RNA polymerase enzyme that puts together RNA
- Promoter the gene on DNA to which RNA polymerase
binds and transcription begins - Amino acid monomers of proteins
- Polypeptide protein
- Genes sections of DNA that code for something
3What is RNA?
- RNA Ribonucleic Acid
- Usually single-stranded
- Monomers are nucleotides (like DNA)
- Contains base, ribose (sugar), and one phosphate
- Bases A, U, C, G ( U Uracil )
43 Types of RNA
- rRNA ribosomal RNAmakes up ribosome
- Makes the proteins and works with tRNA
- mRNA messenger RNAin the nucleus
- The messenger from DNA to rest of the cell
- tRNA transfer RNAin the cytoplasm
- Transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make
proteins
5Protein Synthesis
- Making proteins
- 2 main steps
- Transcription written in same language. DNA
(nucleic acid) to mRNA (nucleic acid) - Translationput in a different language. mRNA
(nucleic acid) to protein
6TRANSCRIPTION Contd
- OCCURS IN NUCLEUS
- (because DNA cannot leave the nucleus!)
- RNA Bonding Rules
- (A) Adenine (U) Uracil
- (G) Guanine (C) Cytosine
7TRANSCRIPTION Contd
- RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, then starts
bonding nucleotides to make the RNA strand - There is a gene on DNA that codes for RNA
polymerase to stop
8TRANSCRIPTION
Adenine (DNA and RNA) Cystosine (DNA and
RNA) Guanine(DNA and RNA) Thymine (DNA
only) Uracil (RNA only)
RNApolymerase
DNA
RNA
9RNA SPLICING
- mRNA has to be proofread because parts of it do
not code for anything. This process is called
RNA splicing. - Introns parts of the mRNA strand that are
useless and are taken OUT of the mRNA strand - Exons parts of mRNA that code for proteins and
are left IN the mRNA strand
10CODONS and ANTICODONS
- Codon 3 nucleotide sequence of mRNA
- Anticodon 3 nucleotide sequence of tRNA that is
complimentary to mRNA - Example
- AUG-CGG (codons)
- UAC-GCC (anticodons)
- START CODON AUG
11TRANSLATION
- OCCURS IN THE CYTOPLASM ON A RIBOSOME
- translates nucleic acids to amino
- acids
- mRNA is read by ribosome
- Ribosome translates message (mRNA) to protein
- tRNA brings corresponding amino acid to ribosome
- Ribosome bonds amino acids together (peptide
bonds)
12TRANSLATION Contd
- When the amino acid chain lengthens, this is
called elongation. - Translation stops when the ribosome reads a stop
codon (UAG, UAA, or UGA)
13TRANSLATION
14TRANSLATION
15DNA BOTH RNA
Double strand Nucleotides (phosphate, sugar, base) Single strand
Base T Bases A, C, G Base U
Deoxyribose Sugar Ribose
DNA polymerase Requires enzymes to make molecules RNA polymerase
Made by replication Hydrogen and covalent bonds Made by transcription
Codes for the organism Used to make proteins
16Videos
- Replication, Transcription, and Translation
- http//www.youtube.com/watch?vTSv-Rq5C3K8feature
related - DNA Translation
- http//www.youtube.com/watch?NR1featureendscree
nvTfYf_rPWUdY
17Can you identify the following in this diagram?
DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
18Can you identify the following in this diagram?
DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Were you right?
rRNA
19Can you identify the following in this diagram?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, amino acids, proteins
20Can you identify the following in this diagram?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, amino acids, proteins
Were you right?
rRNA