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RNA and Protein Synthesis

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Title: RNA and Protein Synthesis


1
RNA and Protein Synthesis
2
Write these terms in your journal
  • Ribosome makes proteins
  • RNA polymerase enzyme that puts together RNA
  • Promoter the gene on DNA to which RNA polymerase
    binds and transcription begins
  • Amino acid monomers of proteins
  • Polypeptide protein
  • Genes sections of DNA that code for something

3
What is RNA?
  • RNA Ribonucleic Acid
  • Usually single-stranded
  • Monomers are nucleotides (like DNA)
  • Contains base, ribose (sugar), and one phosphate
  • Bases A, U, C, G ( U Uracil )

4
3 Types of RNA
  • rRNA ribosomal RNAmakes up ribosome
  • Makes the proteins and works with tRNA
  • mRNA messenger RNAin the nucleus
  • The messenger from DNA to rest of the cell
  • tRNA transfer RNAin the cytoplasm
  • Transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make
    proteins

5
Protein Synthesis
  • Making proteins
  • 2 main steps
  • Transcription written in same language. DNA
    (nucleic acid) to mRNA (nucleic acid)
  • Translationput in a different language. mRNA
    (nucleic acid) to protein

6
TRANSCRIPTION Contd
  • OCCURS IN NUCLEUS
  • (because DNA cannot leave the nucleus!)
  • RNA Bonding Rules
  • (A) Adenine (U) Uracil
  • (G) Guanine (C) Cytosine

7
TRANSCRIPTION Contd
  • RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, then starts
    bonding nucleotides to make the RNA strand
  • There is a gene on DNA that codes for RNA
    polymerase to stop

8
TRANSCRIPTION
Adenine (DNA and RNA) Cystosine (DNA and
RNA) Guanine(DNA and RNA) Thymine (DNA
only) Uracil (RNA only)
RNApolymerase
DNA
RNA
9
RNA SPLICING
  • mRNA has to be proofread because parts of it do
    not code for anything. This process is called
    RNA splicing.
  • Introns parts of the mRNA strand that are
    useless and are taken OUT of the mRNA strand
  • Exons parts of mRNA that code for proteins and
    are left IN the mRNA strand

10
CODONS and ANTICODONS
  • Codon 3 nucleotide sequence of mRNA
  • Anticodon 3 nucleotide sequence of tRNA that is
    complimentary to mRNA
  • Example
  • AUG-CGG (codons)
  • UAC-GCC (anticodons)
  • START CODON AUG

11
TRANSLATION
  • OCCURS IN THE CYTOPLASM ON A RIBOSOME
  • translates nucleic acids to amino
  • acids
  • mRNA is read by ribosome
  • Ribosome translates message (mRNA) to protein
  • tRNA brings corresponding amino acid to ribosome
  • Ribosome bonds amino acids together (peptide
    bonds)

12
TRANSLATION Contd
  • When the amino acid chain lengthens, this is
    called elongation.
  • Translation stops when the ribosome reads a stop
    codon (UAG, UAA, or UGA)

13
TRANSLATION
14
TRANSLATION
15
DNA BOTH RNA
Double strand Nucleotides (phosphate, sugar, base) Single strand
Base T Bases A, C, G Base U
Deoxyribose Sugar Ribose
DNA polymerase Requires enzymes to make molecules RNA polymerase
Made by replication Hydrogen and covalent bonds Made by transcription
Codes for the organism Used to make proteins
16
Videos
  • Replication, Transcription, and Translation
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vTSv-Rq5C3K8feature
    related
  • DNA Translation
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?NR1featureendscree
    nvTfYf_rPWUdY

17
Can you identify the following in this diagram?
DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
18
Can you identify the following in this diagram?
DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Were you right?
rRNA
19
Can you identify the following in this diagram?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, amino acids, proteins
20
Can you identify the following in this diagram?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, amino acids, proteins
Were you right?
rRNA
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