Divisions of the Skeleton

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Divisions of the Skeleton
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Axial Skeleton

• Includes skull, spine, and ribs.

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Skull

• Made up of 22 Bones
• Facial bones 14
• Cranium 8

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CRANIUM

• Bones that enclose the brain (8).

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COLOR CODE

• Color code letters A-L on the skull.
• Sutures (a,b,c)

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• A. Frontal bone
• B. Pariatal bone (paired)
• C. Occipital bone
• D. Temporal bone (paired)
• E. Sphenoid (connects cranium to facial)
• F. Ethmoid (roof and sides of the nasal passage)

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Frontal Bone

• Contains 2 sinuses
• Sinuses ?

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Parietal

• Paired (2)

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Occipital
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Temporal Bone

• Paired (2)

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Sphenoid (page 139)
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Ethmoid Bone
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Sutures (a,b,c)

• Lines where bones meet, immovable joints.

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Fontanels

• Soft spots with no bones when babies are born.
  (Connective tissue)

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Fontanels

• As a fetus develops, its brain grows rapidly. The
  skull is growing as well but can not keep up.
  Fusion of the bones begins, but will complete
  after birth. A new born generally has 2 frontal
  bones, 4 occipital bones, and several sphenoid
  and temporal bones. These bones are held together
  by fontanels.

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Foramen Magnum

• Opening in occipital bone for spinal cord exit.

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External Auditory Meatus

• Opening in temporal bone for ear canals.

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Styloid Process

• Sharp bone projection to help anchor muscles
  assoc. with the tongue.

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Facial

• Bones NOT enclosing brains (13 immovable 1
  movable 14).

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Facial bones

• G. Lacrimal (2)
• H. Nasal Bone (2)
• I. Zygomatic (2) Cheek bones
• J. Maxilla (2) upper jaw
• K. Mandible Only movable joint in the skull.

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Lacrimal (2)

• Thin and scale like.

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Nasal Bone (2)

• Two rectangles that fuse and form the bridge of
  the nose.

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Zygomatic Bone (2)

• Cheek bones.
• Zygomatic Arch connects to the temporal bone.

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Maxilla (2)

• Form the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof
  of the oral cavity (hard palate).
• Upper jaw

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Mandible (only movable face bone)
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OSSICLES

• Bones in the ears. (Smallest bones in the body)

Hammer Anvil Stirrup Mallus Incus Stapes
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Hyoid

• Attachment for movement of the tongue, doesnt
  touch any other bones-base of the tongue

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Vertebrae
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Textbook Page 143

• 1. Spinous Process
• 2. Articular Facet
• 3. Transverse Process
• 4. Vertebral foramen
• 5. Body

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Vertebrae (F)

• Are the individual irregular bones that make up
  the spinal column

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Intervertebral discs (D)

• Made of tough cartilage

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Vertebral Column

• The spine is broken into 4 sections.
• 1. Cervical
• 2. Thoracic
• 3. Lumbar
• 4. a.Sacrum
• b.Coccyx

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CERVICAL

• Total 7
• Location neck
• s C1-C7

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Thoracic

• Total 12
• Location Thoracic cavity
• s T1-T12

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LUMBAR VERTEBRAE

• Total 5
• Location Lower back
• s L1-L5

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Sacrum

• 5 fused sacral discs at base of spine.

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Coccyx
OUCH!!!!!

• Tail Bone

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Sternum

• Breast Bone, 3 parts

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• Manubrium (top)
• Body (middle)
• Xiphoid process

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RIBS 12 pairs
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• True- top 7 pairs, attach directly to sternum
• False- next 5 pairs, do not attach directly to
  sternum
• Floating- bottom 2 ribs, no connection with
  sternum

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