Camera Composition (Shots, Angles,

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Camera Composition(Shots, Angles, Movement)
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Long Shot

• It establishes the scene
• Shows subjects in their surroundings
• Tells the viewer where the action is taking place

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Medium Shot

• Used to introduce a character for the first time
• Framing is usually set so that the top of the
  frame is just above the head and the bottom of
  the fame is just below the waist

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Medium Close-up

• Tighter than a medium shot
• The top of the frame is just above the
  characters head and the bottom of the frame is
  just below the chest

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Close-up

• Used to reveal a characters feelings.
• Restrict how much of a scene and/or action the
  audience sees.
• The top of the frame is just above the
  characters head and the bottom of the frame is
  just below the chin.

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Extreme Close Up

• Often used to reveal feelings WITHOUT using
  dialogue or to provide the audience with a view
  of a specific detail
• Examples include a persons eyes, mouth, or
  hands, or an inanimate object such as the
  contents of a letter

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Two-Shot

• Shows two persons in a shot

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Three-shot

• Shows three persons in a shot

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Over the Shoulder

• Shooting over-the-shoulder of one subject to
  reveal another subject.
• The speakers full face is shown while the camera
  is aimed over the shoulder of the listener
• Used in interview situations.

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Straight Angle

• The camera is placed directly in front of the
  talent at eye-level and is used to involve the
  audience with the action
• Example would be the shot used during the anchors
  delivery of the news

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Eye Level

• Most commonly used angle

Whether the subject is standing or seated and
regardless of how small or tall your subject may
be.
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Eye Level
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Side Angle

• The camera is placed at eye level, but usually
  at a 45 degree angle from the subject. The
  audience views the action but is not directly
  involved in the action.

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Low Angle

• The camera is placed below the subject and is
  aimed up (shoots upward).
• This angle exaggerates height and can give the
  impression that the subject is larger and more
  powerful.

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Low Angle
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High Angle

• The camera is above the subject matter and is
  aimed down (shoots downward).
• This angle has the effect of reducing the
  apparent height of the subject gives the
  impression that the subject is smaller and less
  powerful.

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High Angle
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Camera Movements
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Dollying

• Placing the camera on a tripod with wheels
• Allows camera to follow the action while
  maintaining a steady, non-shaky shot

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Pan

• The camera is moved horizontally from left to
  right or right to left (much like a head shaking
  from left to right to say no).
• Used to follow the action

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Tilt

• The camera is moved vertically up or down (much
  like a head nodding yes)
• Can be used to follow something as it falls, or
  rises

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Zoom

• Accomplished by pressing the W or the T on the
  zoom control.
• Brings the viewer closer to or further away from
  the action

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Tricky Shots

• Match Cut - Changing camera angles without
  breaking the continuity of motion from scene to
  scene
• Imagine a Long Shot, Side Angle scene of someone
  walking, then dropping something then, in the
  next scene you have a Close-Up Shot, Straight
  Angle of the persons face showing his/her
  reaction to the dropping of the item. Although
  the scene may actually have been filmed using two
  cameras or the action may have been stopped in
  order for the one and only camera to change
  positions, the audience never notices any
  disruption in the action.

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Screen Direction
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What is screen direction?

• Screen direction is the direction people and
  objects face when viewed through the camera.
  When shooting a scene, place the center of
  interests on an imaginary line. This line should
  not be crossed by the cameraperson to avoid
  reversal of screen direction.

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Example of Screen Direction
In this example, the elephant did NOT change
directions instead, the photographer is simply
on the other side of the elephant in each
separate picture (thus, making it appear that the
elephant is walking in two different directions.
Reversing the screen direction (crossing that
imaginary line) confuses the audience and makes
them think the subject is going in the opposite
direction from which they came
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Composition

• The arranging or placing of elements in a shot.

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Rule of Thirds

• The viewfinder screen is divided into thirds
  horizontally and vertically (like a tic-tac-toe
  board). When framing a shot, the cameraperson
  should consider these imaginary lines by
  preferably placing the center of interest at one
  of the four intersecting points or on one of the
  lines.

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Head Room

• A persons head should be appropriately placed in
  the shot. Dont cut off the top of their head,
  but dont leave so much space above their head
  that it distracts from their face.

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Leading Looks

• When shooting a person or object in profile,
  leave space in front of the person or object.

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Leading Lines

• Lines that are in the environment may be used to
  lead to the center of interest.

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Level Horizon

• Keep the horizon level.
• A sloping horizon or a floor that doesnt
  appear horizontal is distracting to viewers.

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Framing

• Elements in the environment, such as trees and
  arches, etc., may be used to create a border or
  frame around the shot.

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Background

• Elements in the environment may distract the
  viewer from the center of interest. Be aware of
  bright colors, moving objects, and any objects
  that appear to grow out of peoples heads or
  blend with a person.

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Other things to consider
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Objects that are closest to camera will appear
larger than those that are far away
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Arrange Groups Naturally

• Avoid widely separated subjects positioned at
  either edge of the frame.
• Avoid large height differences between two people
  in a scene

Bad examples of arranging groups
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Good examples of how to arrange groups
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Silhouette Shot

• Background will be bright causing the subject to
  appear as a dark image
• A dark image outlined against a lighter
  background

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