Introduction to Water

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Introduction to Water
You need to write down the underlined words for
vocabulary!
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Pretest
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Water 4 Primary Sections

• The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)
• Glaciers
• Groundwater
• Water Quality

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The Hydrologic Cycle
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The Hydrologic Cycle

• The natural circulation of water from ocean to
  atmosphere to ground, then back to ocean
• Water is constantly circulating
• Can be in any of 3 states of matter
• Solid, Liquid, or Gas
• The cycle is powered by heat from the sun and the
  force of gravity
• The total amount of water vapor in the atmosphere
  remains constant

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Important Vocabulary

• Evaporation
• Evapotranspiration
• Sublimation
• Condensation
• Precipitation
• Runoff
• Infiltration
• Discharge

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A large mass of ice formed by the compaction and
recrystallization of snow that moves down slope
under its own power is called a
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Glaciers

• Glaciers are powerful agents of erosion
• They can carve out large U-shaped valleys and
  carry a lot of rock and debris down slope
• They move by gravity
• Leaves a trail of debris behind

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Sublimation-

• Ice or snow turning directly into water vapor
  (solid ? gas)

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Groundwater-

• subsurface water in the zone of saturation
• 98.5 of fresh
• water is below
• the earths
• surface

Water Table
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How does water get underground?

• Infiltration- the seepage of water into soil or
  rock
• Depends upon surface and subsurface conditions

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Permeability the ability of a material to
transmit fluid

• Depends upon soil composition
• Sand, Silt, or Clay
• Why is sand more permeable than clay?

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Porosity the volume of open space (pores) in a
soil or rock sample

• The amount of water than can pass through soil or
  rock depends upon the amount and size of pores

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Water Table

• The Water Table is the line below which all pore
  spaces are filled with water (saturated)

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Aquifer

• An aquifer is an underground geological formation
  able to store and yield water.

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Artesian System

• Where water flows out of the aquifer and to the
  surface due to pressure from above
• Spring (natural)
• Well (drilled)

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What happens when running underground water
dissolves minerals in the bedrock?
CAVES!
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Sinkholes -

• Funnel-shaped holes where caves have collapsed

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Water Quality

• A crucial factor in the quality of our lives

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Hard Water

• Water picks up calcium and magnesium from the
  landscape
• Can clog pipes or shower heads
• More in some places than others

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Water Pollution

• Contamination can come from
• Point sources
• Non-point sources

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What is the primary source of contamination?

• HUMANS!
• Point sources-
• Factories
• Septic tanks
• Chemical spills
• Non-point sources-
• Soil Erosion
• Agricultural runoff
• Fertilizers
• Pesticides
• Livestock wastes

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Landfills- (Human)

• New Landfills require a liner to prevent
  contamination
• Leachate water that has run through
  contaminated areas picking up soluble substances

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We live in the arid west

• Water is scarce
• Water is precious
• Water sustains life
• Water should be conserved.

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Household Water Consumption
Where can you conserve water?
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So what where the 4 main topics on water?

• The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)
• Glaciers
• Groundwater
• Water Quality

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Now try these questions again!
You should have 9 definitions written down!