Water, Water, Everywhere

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Water, Water, Everywhere

• Miss Knight and Mrs. Byers

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Consider this

• Describe as best as you can where the water in
  your home comes from.
• Do you think that the water you drink at home is
  pure or
• polluted?
• Explain your answer.

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• Precipitation-water
• falling to the ground
• as rain, snow, sleet or
• hail
• Condensation- when
• water is converted into
• liquid form from the gas
• form (ex. cup sweats on a
• hot day) (ex. clouds form)

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• Evaporation-
• water being
• turned into a
• vapor from the
• liquid form
• (returns to air)
• Transpiration-
• evaporation from
• plants leaves

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• Runoff- water flow over soil from precipitation
  that leads to a body of water

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• Runoff is sometimes called non-point source. If
  non-point source contains man-made pollutants it
  is called non-point source pollutionmore to come
  later on this ?

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Water is Renewable!

• Water cycle recycles water naturally
• So why is there a water scarcity?

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Worlds Water

• Only 3 of the worlds water is freshwater
• .01 of all Earths is accessible drinking water
• Soil
• Usable groundwater
• Water vapor
• Lakes and streams

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Wheres the Water?

• Two sources of water
• Surface water
• Groundwater

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Surface Water

• Water on the Earths surface
• Rivers
• Streams
• Lakes
• Wetlands

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How are rivers made?

• All rivers are the result of precipitation.
• So how did large rivers, such as the Mississippi,
  get so large?

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Watersheds

• Rivers are formed from land areas draining to a
  common point
• These land
• areas are called
• watersheds

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What determines where water will drain?

• Water drains from areas of high elevation to
  lower elevation
• Watershed boundaries are determined by elevation
  of the
• surrounding land

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Groundwater

• Water that is stored underground
• Gets underground by seeping through the soil
• Area of land that precipitation seeps through is
  called recharge zone
• Water is stored underground in aquifers

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Aquifers

• Can be made of gravel, stone, sand
• Holds water that can be used by people
• Wells are designed to tap into the aquifers
  reserve

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• Groundwater can dissolve rock formations and
  sinkholes can form ?

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Why is water so important?

• Drinking
• Aquatic and marine life
• Industry mining
• Cleaning
• Growing food
• Vegetation
• Heating and cooling

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Water Usage in the U.S.

• Residential Use per Person
• Lawn watering (95 L/day)
• Toilets flushing (90 L/day)
• Bathing/Showers (70 L/day)
• Brushing teeth with water running (10 L/day)
• Cleaning (20 L/day)
• Cooking and Drinking (10 L/day)
• Other (5 L/day)

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Other Uses of Water

• Industrial Use
• Make goods
• Dispose of waste
• Generate power
• 1,000 L of water to make 2.2 lbs of aluminum!
• (another reason to recycle!)
• Agricultural Use
• Watering crops
• 300 L of water to produce one ear of corn!

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What can we do to get more water?

• Desalination-
• 2 main ways
• Heating water and collecting the steam to
  re-condense into drinking water
• Reverse osmosis- applying pressure causing water
  to flow against the concentration gradient using
  a semi-permeable membrane to separate the salt
• Transport Ice-
• To areas in need of fresh drinking water

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Take a minute

• If we can desalt water, why are we running out?
• It is costly! Many poorer countries are the ones
  struggling with freshwater availability

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So what are other options?

• Water conservation!
• How can you conserve water?
• Low-flow toilets and showerheads
• Water the lawn at night
• Turn off the faucet when brushing your teeth
• Take shorter showers
• Fill washing machine and dishwasher, do not run
  half-full loads