Feudal Japan

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• Feudal
• Japan

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Japans Early Historic Period The Imperial Court
(A.D. 400-783)

• Uji clans united by Shinto
• The way of the Gods
• Kami
• Amaterasu Sun Goddess

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Japans Early Historic Period The Imperial Court
(A.D. 400-783)

• Ninigi
• Jimmu Tenno
• Yamato Plain
• Divine Power
• Jewel
• Bronze mirror
• Iron sword

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Japans Early Historic Period The Imperial Court
(A.D. 400-783)

• Characteristics
• emperor respected for religious power not
  political power
• Various uji fought to be the emperors
  chancellors
• Soga 552-645

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Chinese Influences on the Japanese Court

1. 405 Korean Scholar, Wani teaches emperor to read
   and write Chinese
2. Nippon Land of the Rising Sun translates to
   jihpen or Japan
3. Kana

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Chinese Influences on the Japanese Court

1. Chinese Poetry, Chinese art
2. Curved tile roofs
3. Shotoku (587-622) adopted Chinese rank, Confucian
   calendar and Confucian ideals not bureacracy!

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Chinese Influences on the Japanese Court

1. Buddhism 522
2. Popular among the upper classes
3. Late 600s 545 Buddhist monastaries and 1000s of
   monks

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Taika Reforms (A.D. 646)

• introduced by Japanese emperor Tenchi
• Designed to make Japans government like Chinese
  Tang
• Land reforms placed all rice-producing lands in
  hands of emperor

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Taika Reforms (A.D. 646)

• Emperor supposed to be political and religious
  supreme
• Reality regional leaders retained land (tax
  collectors) and power in hands of chancellor

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Capital of Nara

• est. 710
• Pop 200,000
• Chinese culture flourished
• Buddhism prominent
• 794 capital est. in Heian-kyo

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Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)
Tale of Genji Scroll(first novel)
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Tale of Genji (first novel)
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Lady Murasaki Shikibu
She contributed much to the Japanese script known
as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters,
kanji.
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Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)

• Fujiwara Family Kamatari
• 858 Fujiwara elevated to sessho
• 884 Fujiwara elevated to chancellor
• Married daughters to crown princes

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Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)

• 1027 Fujiwaras contained many powerful positions
• Michinaga 997-1027
• Shoen
• Government has almost no land

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Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)

• Emperor ceremonial
• Ichijo 1022 ostentatious court life

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Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)

• Miyabi
• elegant appearance
• restrained behavior
• decorum
• Leisure time devoted to pursuing pastimes Go
  influenced by Chinese

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Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)

• Idea of beauty and personal appearance

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Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)

• Pastimes
• Go
• Football
• Landscape painting
• Shinto ceremonies

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Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)

• Sei Shonogan Pillow Book
• 1014 Murasaki Shikibu Tale of Genji

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Refined Court Life during Heian Period (794-1185)

• The Rise of the Provincial Nobles
• Rugged, independent, led private armies
• More powerful as court nobles isolated themselves
• Constantly fighting over control of the provinces

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The Rise of Feudalism 1185

• Battle for government control
• 1159 Kiyomori Taira executed Yoshitomo Minamoto
• Kiyomori -dictator

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The Rise of Feudalism 1185

• Yoritomo Minamoto drove Taira from power 1180
• Sea Battle Dannoura
• Yoritomo embraced headquarters in Kamakura

Founded the Kamakura Shogunate 1185-1333
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Warrior Class Samurai

• one who serves
• Bushido Code

• Fidelity
• Politeness
• Virility
• Simplicity

• Full Samurai Attire

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Samurai Sword
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Early Mounted Samurai Warriors
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Samurai Charging
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Modern-Day Samurai Warriors
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Underpinnings Basic Steps in Self Defense
A COTTON BREECH CLOUT that extended up over the
chest was the basic undergarment of a samurais
costume
A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or armor robe, was
tied snugly at the waist with a special knot
(lower right)
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BILLOWING PANTALOONS,worn over the armor robe,
fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of
movement
AN EXQUISITE BROCADE, richly worked with a design
of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials
used in an armor robe that may have been made for
a 14th Century imperial prince
STURDY SHINGUARDS of cloth or leather were
reinforced with strips of iron to give protection
from the front
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Kamakura Period (1185-1333)

• Bakufu
• Seitaishogun (Shogun)

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The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
Feudal Society
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Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service. Japan
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Daimyo
Daimyo
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Samurai
Samurai
Samurai
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
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Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service. Europe
King
Land - Fief
Loyalty
Lord
Lord
Land - Fief
Loyalty
Knight
Knight
Knight
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
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Code of Chivalry
Code of Bushido

• Justice
• Loyalty
• Defense
• Courage
• Faith
• Humility
• Nobility

• Fidelity
• Politeness
• Virility
• Simplicity

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Medieval Warriors
vs.
European knight
Samurai Warrior
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Medieval Warriors
vs.
Knights Armor
Samurai Armor
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Buddhism

• Pure Land Sect commoners
• Lotus Sect Nichiren (1222-1282)
• Zen Buddhism based on meditation

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MongolInvasionsof Japan

• Kublai Khan 1264 Great Khan of Mongols

450 ships and 15,000 men, but typhoon winds
stopped them.
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Mongol Invasions

• Kamakura Bakufu massive mobilization, religious
  ceremonies in preparation of another attack
• 1281 - 150,000 Mongols
• Kamikaze winds!

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Mongol Invasions

• Kamakura Bakufu in debt
• Samurai dissatisfied
• Samurai funded by merchants forced to sell lands
• Peasants form the ikki uprisings led by samurai
• Civil War leads to defeat of Kamakura in 1333

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Ashikaga Age 1338-1573

• Godaigo proclaims himself supreme ruler -
  unsuccessful
• Ashikaga Takauji attacked 1335
• Puppet emperor
• Godaigo est. southern court
• Japans disunity increases

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Ashikaga Age 1338-1573

• Shoguns fought for power.
• Less efficient than the Kamakura.
• Yoshimitsu (1376-1408) Alliance unsuccessful
• Leads to 100 yrs of civil strife

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Ashikaga Age 1338-1573

• Onin War (1467-1477)
• Sengoku Jidai Age of the Warring States
• Battle over succession
• Capital destroyed

Marker at location of outbreak of Onin War
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Ashikaga Age 1338-1573

• New order based on military not honor or ancestry
• Ge koku jo those below subjugating those above
• Daimyo referred to person actually ruling the
  land
• Traditional families
• Military leaders
• Lowly samurai

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Reunification 1573-1603

• Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)
• 1560 destroyed Imagawa clan
• 1568 used firearms to defeat Matsunaga clan
• Despised Buddhists
• 1582 betrayed
• Committed seppukku

• Ritual Suicide

• It is honorable to die in this way.

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Reunification 1573-1603

• Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598)
• Named chief general
• Defeated traitor
• diplomatic
• 1590 brought all 66 daimyos into a feudal
  agreement

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CASTLES
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Osaka Castle
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Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle
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Caernorfon Castle, Wales
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Warwick Castle, England
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R O E N S
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The Age of the Warring States(1467 - 1568)

• Castles built on hills in different
  provinces.
• Power shifts from above to below.
• Europeans arrive in Japan ? bringing
  firearms Christianity.
• Christianity foreign trade flourish.

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Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)

• Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.
• Unifies a large part of Japan.

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Catholic Jesuits in Japan
St. Francis XavierFirst Catholic Missionaries
in Asia
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598)

• Becomes suspicious of European
  territorial ambitions.
• Orders all European missionaries expelled
  from Japan. ?
• Tries to invade Korea, but fails.

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First Christian Martyrs (1597) Shrine in
NagasakiToday
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Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)

• Appointed shogun by the Emperor.
• Four-class system laid down with marriage
  restricted to members of the same class! ?
• Warriors.
• Farmers.
• Artisans.
• Merchants.

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Tokugawa Shogunate Period

• Japan closed off to all trade except to the
  Dutch and Chinese. ?
• The Dutch were restricted to a small island
  in Nagasaki harbor.
• Japanese Christians persecuted and
  Christianity is forbidden.
• The government is centralized with all power
  in the hands of the shogun.
• Domestic trade flourishes.
• Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.
• Merchant class becomes rich! ?
• New art forms ? haiku poetry, kabuki theater.