Japan

1
Japan
2
The Growth of Japanese Civilization

• Japans Location
• Japan lies east of China name means land of the
  rising sun
• Closest neighbor is 120 miles over water, Korea
• 500 miles of water separate it from China
• Geography of Japan
• Consists of about 3,000 islands in a 12,000-mile
  archipelago
• The largest Island is Honshu
• Varied climate, but little land for farming
• The first culture will arise on the Yamato Plain

3
(No Transcript)
4
The Growth of Japanese Civilization

• Early Japan
• The earliest people were found around 57AD
• They were thought to be from the Korean Peninsula

5
The Jomon

• Found originally around 30,000 BC
• Jomon literally means cord people
• This was due to the type of art they made
• The first people were Nomads
• Had exquisite Art techniques
• The art should have not been able to be made
  until centuries later
• Factors that will help the rise of civilization
• Global Warming
• Development of Complex Cities

6
(No Transcript)
7
The Yayoi

• Displaced immigrants from Korea and China
• They brought the technology of Bronze, Iron and
  Shinto with them
• Permanently destroy the way of life of the Jomon
• Developed clans
• Clans vs. Tribes

8
(No Transcript)
9
Shinto

• Many different clans worshipped own gods
• This early religion later called Shintothe way
  of the gods
• Shinto worshipers respect forces of nature,
  ancestors, and kami
• Kamidivine spirits dwelling in nature tree,
  rock, waterfall

10
Yamato

• Their clan will grow in power and eventually take
  over the islands
• Will be noted for Kofun or mound tombs
• They develop the earliest Japanese State
• The Yamato
• The Paekche (Chinese) will want an alliance and
  for this they provide some new imports including,
  writing, Confucianism, and Buddhism

11
Yamato Period 300-710

• Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture
• Confucianism.
• Language (kanji characters).
• Buddhist sects.
• Chinese art architecture.
• Government structure.

Great Kings era
12
Japanese Culture

• Buddhism in Japan
• Japanese learn Chinese ideas, customs from
  contact with Korea
• Buddhism spreads widely in Japan, mixes with
  Shinto practices
• Cultural Borrowing from China
• Chinese ideas, practices gain wide currency in
  Japan as result
• Japanese adopt Chinese writing, art, and ways of
  everyday living
• Japan does not copy Chinas civil-service system

13
Prince Shotoku 573-621

• Will rule the Yamato as regent
• Will eventually take power
• Decides that the Chinese are doing right and
  adopts almost all Chinese policies
• Takes the Name of Tenno ( which means heavenly
  emperor)

14
Prince Shotoku 573-621

• Adopted Chinese culture and Confucianism.
• Buddhist sects allowed to develop.
• Created a new government structure
• 17 Article Constitution in 604. First form
  of Japanese writing

15
Heian Period 794-1156

• Characteristics
• Growth of large landed estates.
• Arts literature of China flourished.
• Elaborate court life highly refined
• ETIQUETTE.
• Personal diaries
• The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon 10c
• Great novel
• The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu
  1000 pgs.
• Moving away from Chinese models in religion,
  the arts, and government.

16
Heian PeriodCultural Borrowing

1. Chinese writing.
2. Chinese artistic styles.
3. Buddhism in the form of ZEN.
4. BUT, not the Chinese civil service system!

17
Heian Court Dress
18
The Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)
19
The Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)
20
Tale of Genji (first novel)
21
Tale of Genji Scroll(first novel)
22
Lady Murasaki Shikibu
She contributed much to the Japanese script known
as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters,
kanji.
23
These new changes lead to Feudal Japan
24

• Feudal
• Japan

25
Minamoto Yoritomo
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate 1185-1333
26
The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
Feudal Society
27
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service. Japan
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Daimyo
Daimyo
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Samurai
Samurai
Samurai
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
28
Code of Bushido

• Fidelity
• Politeness
• Virility
• Simplicity

29
Seppuku Ritual Suicide
It is honorable to die in this way.
Kaishaku his seconds
30
Full Samurai Attire
31
Samurai Sword
32
Early Mounted Samurai Warriors
33
Underpinnings Basic Steps in Self Defense
A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or armor robe, was
tied snugly at the waist with a special knot
(lower right)
A COTTON BREECH CLOUT that extended up over the
chest was the basic undergarment of a samurais
costume
34
BILLOWING PANTALOONS,worn over the armor robe,
fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of
movement
STURDY SHINGUARDS of cloth or leather were
reinforced with strips of iron to give protection
from the front
AN EXQUISITE BROCADE, richly worked with a design
of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials
used in an armor robe that may have been made for
a 14th Century imperial prince
35
Samurai Charging
36
Modern-Day Samurai Warriors
37
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service. Europe
King
Land - Fief
Loyalty
Lord
Lord
Land - Fief
Loyalty
Knight
Knight
Knight
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
38
Code of Chivalry

• Justice
• Loyalty
• Defense
• Courage
• Faith
• Humility
• Nobility

39
Medieval Warriors
vs.
European knight
Samurai Warrior
40
Medieval Warriors
vs.
Samurai Armor
Knights Armor
41
Zen Buddhism

• A Japanese variation of the Mahayana
  form of Buddhism, which came from India
  through China.
• It reinforced the Bushido values of mental
  and self-discipline.

42
MongolInvasionsof Japan
4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze
kamikaze winds stopped them.
43
Ashikaga Age 1338-1573

• Shoguns fought for power.
• Laws are unclear.
• Less efficient than the Kamakura.
• Armies of samurai protected the country.

44
CASTLES
45
Osaka Castle
46
Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle
47
Caernorfon Castle, Wales
48
Warwick Castle, England
49
R O E N S
50
The Age of the Warring States(1467 - 1568)

• Castles built on hills in different
  provinces.
• Power shifts from above to below.
• Europeans arrive in Japan ? bringing
  firearms Christianity.
• Christianity foreign trade flourish.

51
Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)

• Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.
• Unifies a large part of Japan.

52
Catholic Jesuits in Japan
St. Francis XavierFirst Catholic Missionaries
in Asia
53
Toyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598)

• Becomes suspicious of European
  territorial ambitions.
• Orders all European missionaries expelled
  from Japan. ?
• Tries to invade Korea, but fails.

54
First Christian Martyrs (1597) Shrine in
NagasakiToday
55
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)

• Appointed shogun by the Emperor.
• Four-class system laid down with marriage
  restricted to members of the same class! ?
• Warriors.
• Farmers.
• Artisans.
• Merchants.

56
Tokugawa Shogunate Period

• Japan closed off to all trade except to the
  Dutch and Chinese.
• The Dutch were restricted to a small island
  in Nagasaki harbor.
• Japanese Christians persecuted and
  Christianity is forbidden.
• The government is centralized with all power
  in the hands of the shogun.
• Domestic trade flourishes.
• Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.
• Merchant class becomes rich!
• New art forms haiku poetry, kabuki theater.