Lungs

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Lungs
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• Function
• to take oxygen from air that is inhaled and give
  off carbon dioxide and a small amount of water
  vapor in the air that is exhaled.

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1. The lungs are apart of the respiratory system.
2. The epiglottis is a small flap of tissue above
   the trachea that prevents food from entering the
   trachea and lungs.

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• At the lower end of the trachea are two short
  branches called BRONCHI, that carry air into the
  lungs.
• Within the lungs, the bronchi branch into smaller
  and smaller tubes called BRONCHIOLES.

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• At the end of each bronchiole are clusters of
  tiny, thin-walled sacs called alveoli.

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• The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes
  place between the alveoli and the body
  (surrounding capillaries).

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• Capillary blood vessels that form an intricate
  network throughout the body for the interchange
  of various substances, such as oxygen and carbon
  dioxide, between blood and tissue cells.

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• The diaphragm is a muscle beneath the lungs that
  helps move air in and out of the body.

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• The right lung consists of three sections called
  lobes, while the left lung has two sections .
  The lungs are composed of spongy tissue
  surrounding tree-like branches of the bronchial
  tubes. Lung tissue feels like a wet sponge,
  except lung tissue is elastic, a sponge is not!

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• When we breath in, each tiny air sac is blown up
  like a balloon. When we breath out, these
  stretched air sacs squeeze the air from the lungs
  by shrinking down to a smaller size.

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• Do lungs have any true shape of their own?

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Disease of the Lungs

• Emphysema Its a condition in which the lung
  tissue has become overstretched and lost its
  elasticity.

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• When looking at the lung, the external surface of
  the lung in usually a red-black in color. This
  coloration is due to deposits of cigarette smoke,
  smoke, or coal dust. Emphysema lungs will appear
  to have lots of holes because of all the ruptured
  air sacs.

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• The leading cause of this is cigarette smoking.
• There is no cure for emphysema. It is an
  irreversible disease.
• One pack a day smoker puts approximately 1 qt. of
  tobacco tars into his lungs every year. As the
  lungs are painted with these sticky tars, they
  become stiff and brittle. This causes them to
  lose their elasticity and to burst with the
  pressures of coughing which plague the cigarette
  smoker.

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• Symptoms shortness of breath, wheezing, chronic
  coughing, and foul smelling sputum from the lungs.

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• Bronchitis inflammation of the bronchial tubes,
  the breathing tubes which take air from the
  windpipe to the lungs. Once again, all smokers
  have some form of bronchitis. It is commonly
  known as smokers cough.

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3. Tuberculosis
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• Is a communicable disease caused by the bacteria
  Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Once the germ is
  inside the body it can spread to the whole body,
  but usually it stays in the lungs. Once in the
  lungs it forms a cheesy-like material, usually
  enclosed within a thick gray-white capsule.

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• Symptoms coughing up blood, chest pains, loss of
  weight, and fever.

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Pneumonia
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• Its an acute infection of the air sacs of the
  lungs. Usually, you become sick very quickly
  with a shaking chill, sharp pains in the chest,
  coughing, fever, and headache.

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Cardiac Lung (heart failure)
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Cardiac Lung (heart Failure)

• Heart failure is a medical term referring to a
  condition in which the heart becomes weak to
  properly circulate blood throughout the whole
  body. This causes fluid to back up in the lungs
  or to the lower parts of the body.

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• Pulmonary edema retention of fluid in the lungs.
  Symptoms coughing, wheezing, progressive
  shortness of breath, and may appear to be pale.