Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

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Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

• Computer Filename pkvsek.ppt

Hugh B. Fackrell
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Presentation Outline

• Major Groups of Organisms
• Classification of Organisms
• Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

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Background Terms Concepts

• Proteins
• Membranes (membr.ppt)
• Formation of lipid bilayers (membr.ppt)
• Prokaryotes
• Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes
• Evolution of eukaryotes

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Cell

• Basic unit of all organisms in the various
  kingdoms
• Cell membrane
• Protoplasm
• Genetic information
• DNA RNA

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Major Groups of Organisms

• Plants
• Animals
• Fungi
• Protista
• Prokaryotes
• Viruses

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Major Groups of Organisms

• Plants
• photosynthetic, inorganic food
• Animals
• non photosynthetic, organic food

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Major Groups of Organisms
1 of 2

• Fungi
• non photosynthetic, organic food,
• microscopic, filamentous
• Subgroups
• Yeasts
• True fungi
• molds,rusts, smuts, mushrooms

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Protista

• Microscopic eukaryotes
• Food organic or inorganic
• Some photosynthetic
• Examples
• Slime molds
• Algae
• Protozoa

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Prokaryotes

• Characteristics
• No nucleus or nuclear membrane
• Microscopic
• Food organic or inorganic
• Some photosynthetic
• Bacteria
• Cyanobacteria
• Eubacteria
• Archaea (archaebacteria)

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Viruses

• Non cellular
• Reproduce only in living host cells
• Food from living cells
• By infection only
• ONE nucleic acid
• DNA viruses
• RNA viruses
• Protective protein coat

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Viroids

• Special subgroup of viruses that lack the
  protective protein coat

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Prions

• Mad cow disease, scrapie
• Infectious proteins
• genetically coded by animal
• 2 configurations of same protein
• One form harmless
• Second form pathologic
• Pathological configuration acts as a template to
  convert harmless form

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Classification of Organisms

• From Fossil Record Morphology
• Five Kingdoms- plants, animals,fungi ,
  protistia, prokaryotes
• Prokaryotes - Eubacteria, Archeobacteria
• From Cellular organization
• Three kingdoms- Eubacteria, Archaebacteria,
  Eukaryotes

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Empires

• Level of organization above the kingdom level
• Archaea (formerly Archaebacteria)
• Bacteria ( formerly Eubacteria)
• Eucarya (plants, animals, protista, fungi)

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Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

• Prokaryotes
• No nuclear membrane
• DNA in ONE molecule free in cytoplasm
• No membrane bound organelles
• No cytoskeleton

• Eukaryotes
• Nuclear membrane
• DNA organized in several molecules (chromosomes)
• Many different membrane bound organelles
• Cytoskeleton

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Prokaryotes (details)

• Size1-10 m
• Flagella simple, 2 proteins
• Capsule extracellular polymer
• Cell wall usual, complex
• Plasma membrane no carbohydrates or sterols
• Ribosomes small(70S)
• Cell division binary fission

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Eukaryotes (details)

• Size10-100 m
• Flagella Complex, many microtublules
• Capsule none
• Cell wall if present chemically simple
• Plasma membraneSterols carbohydrates
• Ribosomes large (80S) in cytoplasm
• small(70S) in organelles
• Cell division mitosis

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Summary

• Simple cells
• Single circular chromosome
• 1-2 microns in size
• few internal compartments or organelles
• Complex Cell Wall common
• Cell wall unique