Title: Common Ovine and Caprine Diseases
1Chapter 17
Common Ovine and Caprine Diseases Dr. Dipa
Brahmbhatt VMD, MPH, MS
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3Objectives
- clinical signs associated with specific diseases.
- etiology of the diseases.
- common treatments for disease.
- common and scientific names of parasites
associated with this species. - vaccinations
4Reading Assignment
- Chapter 17 Common Ovine and Caprine Diseases
- Know table 17 -1 Diseases which can be prevented
with vaccines
5Key terms
- Abortion
- AGID
- Blepharospasm
- Conjunctiva
- Coronary Band
- ELISA
- Epididymitis
- Epiphora
- Lochia
- Microphthalmia
- Opisthotonus
- Phthisis Bulbi shrinkage eyeball
- Prion
- Prolapse Ring
- Retractor Bulbi muscles
- Serovar
- Stillbirth
- Tetraplegia
6Previously covered disease
- Anthrax
- Botulism
- Black leg
- Foot rot
- Leptospirosis
- Listeriosis
- Malignant Edema
- Pinkeye
- Johnes disease
- Tetanus
- Foot and Mouth Disease
- Rabies
- Freemartin
- Milk Fever
- Retained Placenta
- Pregnancy toxemia/ ketosis
7Paratuberculosis (Johnes Disease)
- Previously covered disease.
8Urinary Calculi
- Previously covered disease.
9Prolapse
- Previously covered disease.
10Prolapse (contd)
11Prolapse (contd)
12BACTERIAL DISEASES
13Tetanus
- Previously covered disease.
14Big Head
- Causative agent Clostridium novyi, C. sordellii,
or C. chauvoei (black leg) - Clinical signs (sheep) Head butting and fighting
causes bruising or laceration and edematous
swelling. - Diagnosis Clinical signs
- Treatment Penicillin, broad spectrum antibiotics
- Prevention Vaccinate 7/8 way - ewe 1 month
before lambing, lamb 1 month and 2-4 weeks later
booster
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16Black Disease
- Causative agent Clostridium novyi Type B (soil)
- Transmission ingestion of spores, flukes
predispose them to black disease - Clinical signs Often found dead (endotoxins)
respiratory distress, anorexia, and fever - Diagnosis Necropsy and culture/ gram stain -
liver - Hemorrhage of SQ vessels, sub epicardial
hemorrhage, kidney/liver - autolysis - Treatment Tetracycline
- Control trematodes e.g. albendazole
17Black disease. Dark brown swollen liver showing
necrotic areas (12 cm) in diameter surrounded by
a zone of hyperaemia Courtesy of FAO
18Brucellosis
- Causative agent Brucella ovis and B. melitensis
(rare abortion) in sheep Brucella melitensis
and B. abortus (ZOONOTIC) in goats. Gram
coccobacillus - Malta fever in humans
- Transmission sheep - veneral and goats
ingestion of contaminated food, direct contact
urine, feces, placenta, milk - Clinical signs
- Sheep Abortion (rare), epididymitis,
- goats abortion storms, lameness, mastitis,
diarrhea, and depression - Diagnosis Agglutination tests or complement
fixation - Treatment None
19Caseous Lymphadenitis
- Causative agent Corynebacterium
pseudotuberculosis gram coccoid - Transmission direct contact with superficial
wounds, ingestion, inhalation - Clinical signs Dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, and
weight loss - Diagnosis Culture from TTW, radiographs,
necropsy (hepatic abscess) - Treatment Isolation, hygiene and vaccine?
20Caseous Lymphadenitis (contd)
21Caseous Lymphadenitis (contd)
22Chlamydophilosis Enzootic abortion ewes (EAE)
- Causative agent Chlamydia psittaci (zoonotic)
gram - - Transmission Direct contact uterine discharge,
fetus, placenta veneral (rams are carriers) - Clinical signs Abortion (1 cause in goats)
last trimester, weak or stillborn lambs,
pneumonia, KCS, epididymitis, and polyarthritis - Diagnosis ELISA, fluorescent antibody staining,
and culture isolation - Treatment Oxytetracycline females that have
aborted should be isolated fetal tissue or
placenta should be burned or buried and
management - Prevention vaccine (prevent abortions)
23Clostridium Perfringens
- Causative agent Clostridium perfringens (normal
flora GI sheep) - Clinical signs
- Type A diarrhea neonates.
- Type B (lamb dysentery endotoxin) acute bloody
diarrhea young lambs gt high mortality. - Type C (lamb dysentery endotoxin) diarrhea in
lambs lt 3 wks. And in adults struck. - Type D feedlot lambs high concentrate, eat
excessive feed/ milk. Diarrhea (sheep can die w/o
diarrhea in goats diarrhea than die),
incoordination, excitement, circling, head
pressing, convulsions and sudden death
24Clostridium Perfringens
- Diagnosis Clinical signs or necropsy
- Treatment Penicillin and vaccinate with
antitoxin in outbreak - Prevention vaccination, parasite control,
gradual feed changes
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26Joint ill
- Causative agent Kids, Staphylococci,
streptococci, Corynebacterium spp., Actinomyces,
and coliform bacteria - Transmission breaks in skin, umbilical cord, GI,
respiratory tract - Clinical signs Warm, painful, swollen joints,
- lameness, fever, umbilical cord abcessation,
- and leukocytosis with left shift
- Diagnosis Clinical signs
- Treatment Penicillin's and joint flushing
(saline) - Prevention avoid overcrowding and hygiene at
partiurition, dipping umbilical cord
27Vibriosis
- Causative agent Campylobacter jejuni and C.
fetus, gram rod - Transmission ingestion of organisms (intestines
of sheep, birds, dogs) - Clinical signs Late-term abortion (1 sheep),
stillbirths, and weak lambs - Diagnosis Culture
- Treatment Antibiotics and vaccination
28Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) -
Scrapie
- Causative agent Prion
- Transmission?? Suffolk. Infected at birth.
Genetics. (environment) and show c.s. at 3.5
years. - Clinical signs Wool or hair loss, ataxia, weight
loss, starring, aggressiveness, floppy ears,
tremors, seizures, inability to swallow, and
death. Chronic and degenerative - Diagnosis Finding prion protein with
immunostaining of lymphoid tissue in 3rd eyelid - Treatment None
- REPORTABLE, eradication program
29OTHER DISEASES
30Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) -
Scrapie
31Toxoplasma
- Causative agent Toxoplasma gondii
- Clinical signs Fetal death, abortion, embryonic
death, stillbirth, and weak nonviable neonates - Diagnosis Serologic tests
- Treatment Prevent cat access to sheep areas
32VIRAL DISEASES
33Bluetongue
- Causative agent genus Orbivirus Family
Reoviridae - Transmission Culicoides gnat/midge, cattle are
reservoirs - Clinical signs Ulcerations on the mouth or nose,
lame, fever, and abortion, neonate -
hydroencephaly - Diagnosis Viral isolation
- Treatment Insect control, vaccine
- REPORTABLE
34Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis
- Causative agent Retroviral (similar to ovine
progressive pneumoniae) - Transmission fomites (needles), colostrum
- Clinical signs
- Neurologic kids 1-4 months tetraplegia, ataxia,
blindness, head tilt, facial paralysis,
opisthotonus, generalized paresis - Arthritic
- Mastitis
35Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis
- Diagnosis AGID (test for CAE antibody), CS, and
necropsy - Treatment None
- Prevention cull, colostrum heated 1 hour at 56 C
36Contagious Ecthyma
- contagious viral pustular dermatitis orf sore
mouth contagious pustular dermatitis
cutaneous pustular dermatitis, scabby mouth - Etiology Family poxviridae and genus
Parapoxvirus - Transmission direct/ indirect with environment
Immunity and counter-immunity during infection
with the parapoxvirus orf virus David M Haig, ,
Colin J McInnes, 2002
37Contagious Ecthyma
- Clinical signs Lesions in oral cavity, eyelids,
feet, and teats lameness, anorexia,
dehydration, malnutrition, secondary bacterial
infections - Diagnosis Clinical signs
- Treatment Secondary bacterial infections and
supportive - Prevention
38Ovine Progressive Pneumonia
- Causative agent Retroviridae family
- Transmission milk and colostrum
- Clinical signs Coughing, bronchial exudates,
anorexia, fever, depression, encephalitis, and
mastitis - Diagnosis Necropsy,
- ELISA, AGID, and virus isolation
- Treatment None
- Prevention culling
39Author Angie Warner, D.V.M.,D.Sc.
DescriptionThis slide shows gross lung tissue
from a sheep with ovine progressive pnemonia
(OPP). This is an example of a multifocal
pulmonary disease that may be diagnosed by lung
biopsy.
40Noninfectious Diseases
41Entropion
- Causative agent Congenital, trauma, severe
dehydration, weight loss, and painful ocular
conditions - Most common ocular disease in neonatal lambs
- Bilateral and lower lids
42Entropion
- Clinical signs Blepharospasm,
- photophobia, epiphora,
- keratoconjunctivitis,
- and eye rubbing
- Diagnosis Clinical signs
- Treatment Surgical and
- Penicillin, topical atropine,
- topical antibiotics
43Hereditary Chondrodysplasia spider lamb syndrome
- Causative agent Inheritable
- Clinical signs Skeletal defects primarily seen
in Suffolk or Hampshire breeds - Lambs show clinical signs at 6 weeks of age
- Longer legs
- Chondrodysplasia skull, sternum, vertebrae
44Hereditary Chondrodysplasia (contd)
45Metritis
- Causative agent Clostridium spp. After dystocia,
retained placenta - Clinical signs Vaginal discharge malodorous
brownish-red watery - Diagnosis Clinical signs
- Treatment Prostaglandins and oxytocin
46References
- http//www.pipevet.com/content/Photosensitization.
asp - http//www.arkanimalcare.com/sites/default/files/I
nfoFiles/SheepGoat/Disease20of20Sheep_Goats.pdf - http//www.vet.k-state.edu/depts/vhc/agpract/artic
les/Caseous_Lymph.pdf - http//www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0756e/T0756E06.htm
ch5.3.2 - ftp//ftp.cdc.gov/pub/publications/mmwr/rr/rr4908.
pdf - http//www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile
htm/bc/50713.htm - http//www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis
eases/scrapie/downloads/fs_ahscrapie.pdf - K Holtgrew-Bohling , Large Animal Clinical
Procedures for Veterinary Technicians, 2nd
Edition, Mosby, 2012, ISBN 97803223077323
47References
- http//ohioline.osu.edu/vme-fact/0004.html
- http//www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/bluet
ongue.pdf - http//www.uwyo.edu/vetsci/courses/patb_4110/3-28/
class_notes.htm - Immunity and counter-immunity during infection
with the parapoxvirus orf virus - David M Haig, ,
- Colin J McInnes