Chapter 4 Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

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Chapter 4Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
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Genital Self-Exam

• Increases sexual comfort
• Monitor for changes related to health concerns

3
The Vulva
4
Menstruation

• Myths and negative attitudes
• Menarche (MEH-nar-kee)
• Initial onset
• Age 11-15
• Related to heredity, health, altitude (earlier in
  lower altitudes)

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Menstrual Cycle Problems

• Premenstrual syndrome
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
• 5 of women
• Symptoms bad disrupt womans functioning
• Dysmenorrhea (dis-meh-nuh-REE-uh)
• painful menses
• Amenorrhea no menses
• Either at puberty or due to low fat

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Continued

• Self-help for menstrual symptoms
• Exercise
• Sex
• Diet
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Fever, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, dizziness
• Diva Cup or pads

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Terms Related to Menopause

• Climacteric (kli-MAK-tuh-rik)
• Physiological changes during transition period of
  fertility to infertility, slowing estrogen
  production
• Around 40 years old
• Peri-menopause
• Time before menopause
• Irregular
• Menopause
• Permanent cessation of menstruation

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Menopausal Symptoms

• Symptoms vary from mild to strong
• Hot flashes or warm spells
• Night sweats, interrupted sleep
• Headaches, poor concentration
• Depression, anxiety
• Can take hormones, review page 97

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Gynecological Health Concerns

• Urinary tract infections
• bacterial enters vagina
• Wipe front to back
• Vaginal infections
• Review page 99 for prevention tips
• Diet, good hygiene, lubrication

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• Pap smear screens for cervical cancer
• Few cells removed with brush
• Not painful, few nerves on cervix
• Hysterectomy
• Surgical removal of uterus
• Most frequently performed U.S. operation
• More frequently performed on low income, less
  educated women
• Non-surgical options
• Oophorectomy (oh-uh-fuh-REK-tuh-mee)
• Surgical removal of the ovaries, (or also uterus)
• 40 cancer of survival for 5 years because hard
  to detect

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The Breast

• Secondary sex characteristics
• Mammary glands produce milk
• Areola is darker area
• Nipple is in center of areola has openings for
  milk
• Depression, anxiety due to social factors

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Breast Health

• Breast cancer
• Treatments
• Mastectomy, chemo, hormone, radiation
• Risk factors
• African Americans tend to have more-advanced
  breast cancer prior to detection
• Lower income, lack of health-care
• Page 106, Chart
• Reconstructive breast surgery