Baseball America - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Baseball America

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... high wagers to show off their wealth. Horse racing, cockfighting, boating, wrestling, fencing and hunting were popular amusements. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Baseball America


1
American Sports The Early Years
1600s-1880s Colonial America and early United
States culture was mixed in its view of sports.
2
Puritans in northern colonies frowned upon
sports. Games and sports were part of
excessive worldly joys. Human nature was
untrustworthy and too much leisure was dangerous.
Idle hands are the devils workshop.
3
English heritage of games endured with some. A
Leisure ethic vs. Work ethic endured in many
colonies.
4
Eventually in the South a more Aristocratic form
of life emerged with slaves and servants doing
the work and the (Gentry) ruling class doing the
playing , with high wagers to show off their
wealth. Horse racing, cockfighting, boating,
wrestling, fencing and hunting were popular
amusements.
5
The Puritan view was not the only view in the
North and as a gentry class emerged in big cities
like Boston and Philadelphia, so did games.
(Urbanization) Rural areas had forms of simple
ball or folk games.
6
Games were outlawed during the revolution as a
waste of precious time.
7
John Cox Stevens started to develop
commercialization of sports. In 1835 he offered
1000 to the first man to run ten miles in under
an hour 30,000 showed up to watch this display of
Pedestrianism. Average income200 a year. Many
athletes sought the money. Crowds started to
watch, eventually 50,000 people watched athletes
compete for 4000. Also, founded the New York
Yacht Club in 1844. Americas cup race 1851
Stevens boat beat British contenders.
8
QOD 11/28 Is baseballAmericas game?
9
Who invented Baseball?
  • British folk games of Rounders, Cricket,
    Stoolball, Tip-cat, Trap-ball, and Cat and Dog

10
The Abner Doubleday myth
  • Veteran of Civil War, Mexican
  • War and the Indian wars
  • The myth was created by Al Spalding, to end the
    years of controversy on the creation of the
    sport.
  • Claimed Doubleday invented the game in rural
    Cooperstown, NY

11
The Truth?
  • The game probably was developed with influence
    from the English folk games.
  • Alexander Cartwright gets the credit for being
    the first person to formally introduce the game
    of baseball

12
Knickerbocker Nine
  • Club of elitist that wanted to practice playing
    the game called the national pastime. 1845 Beat
    in their first competition to the New York Nine
    (23-1)

13
Knickerbocker Rules
  • Used as a guide for baseball in the New York
    area.
  • Become the basis for the rules of the modern
    game.
  • Revised in 1857 by the National Association of
    Base Ball Players (NABBP)
  • By 1862 The NABBP was offering games in enclosed
    stadiums for an admission price
  • Knickerbocker Baseball Rules

14
The Civil Wars influence
  • The movements of soldiers and exchanges of
    prisoners helped spread the game.
  • 1865 Teams emerged as far west as Kansas and as
    far south as Tennessee
  • 1869 the first openly professional team forms
    The Cincinnati Red Stockings
  • http//www.gametrailers.com/player/usermovies/2150
    9.html

15
African Americans in Baseball
  • Few AAs played baseball in the early years.
  • The first major league AA baseball player is
    Moses Fleetwood Walker who played for the Toledo
    Blue Stockings which joined the Major league
    American Association in 1884

16
African Americans in Baseball Cont.
  • Shortly after Walkers debut a Gentlemens
    Agreement/ Color Line was made that did not
    allow blacks in the major leagues until Jackie
    Robinson in 1947.
  • Players such as Cap Anson refused to take the
    field if a black player was on it.

17
Todays leagues form
  • The National Association fields 9 teams in 1871
    and grows to 13 in 1875.
  • Gambling, liquor sales, and other corruption
    drives away crowds.
  • 1875 National League forms with businessmen
    owning the teams instead of the players.
  • 1882 American Association competes with lower
    ticket prices.
  • An agreement is made that makes the major league
    owners gain control of player contracts.

18
Todays leagues form
  • Players revolted and tried to start their own
    league (The Players League) in both 1884 and 1890
    both failed by going bankrupt.
  • The American League formed in 1901 and raided
    many of the best National League players.
  • The National League reaction forced the leagues
    to select a 3 man panel to run the leagues as
    they coexisted peacefully.

19
Progress and controversy
  • Up to this point is referred to as the dead-ball
    era.
  • Strategy, bunting, base/place hitting, and base
    running was the way to generate offense.
  • The ball was used for a long time maybe even 100
    pitches before being replaced.
  • 1914 the Federal League sued claiming the major
    leagues were a monopoly. The supreme court
    responded by saying that baseball was exempt from
    anti-monopoly legislation.

20
The stage is set for what is to come!!!!!!!!!
21
Is this Americas game?
22
Boxing Is it too violent? Your attention is
requested!
23
How did such a violent sport start?
Is it no longer violent enough?
24
Some questions to consider Answer the following
boxing questions in your groups
  • Why does someone want to watch/do this?
  • What can we learn about the society that supports
    it?

25
The beginnings
  • Ancient Olympic games
  • Fight to the death!
  • Rome- banned the practice
  • England-Prize fighting
  • Early America outlawed
  • Prize fighting

26
Prizefighting- illegal, yet it happened
  • Rise of prizefighting was integral part of
    American social and economic development
  •  
  • Working class activity - working-class
    sensibility
  •  
  • For the upper and middle classes boxing
    symbolized urban depravity

27
Blood and Wages Industrialization
  • Working class as wage slaves of modern
    capitalism
  •  
  • Ideal of working-class prizefighters vs ideal of
    the model worker
  •  
  • Partially as a reaction to the wage system,
    workers revitalized blood sports

28
Another Round?
  • Saloons - the heart of working-class life -
    prizefights
  •  
  • Working-class culture deprived men of freedom,
    self-governance, and thus masculinity
  •  
  • Day-labor undermined masculinity by making it
    nearly impossible for a man to prove his manhood
    by being a good breadwinner

29
A Man Among Men
  •  
  • Boxing as a rejection of the cult of
    domesticity
  •  
  • Maleness and masculinity confirmed not in the
    company of women but in the company of other men
  •  
  • Boxing as a means of bestowing male honor

30
Sweet Science?
  • Boxing shaped violence into art, gave it order
    and meaning
  •  
  • The pit rendered mayhem rule-bound instead of
    anarchic, voluntary rather than random
  •  
  • A properly carried out fight was a performance, a
    pageant, a ritual, that momentarily imposed
    meaning on the savage irrationalities of life
  •  
  • The ring offered a form of cultural opposition or
    resistance 

31
John L. Sullivan (1881-1892)
  • Irish
  • Boston Strong Boy Yankee
  • Challenged anyone to fight him for 500
  • Symbol of self-determination
  • Last bare-knuckle champion/1st gloved champion

32
James J. Corbett(1892-1897)
  • Gentleman Jim
  • Father of Modern Boxing
  • Knocked out Sullivan in 21 rounds in 1892
  • Boxing instructor in the manly art of
    self-defense

33
James J Jeffries (1899-1905) Boilermaker
  • 6 3 225 (100 Yards in about 10 seconds)
  • The Champions of the time would not fight black
    challengers but they claimed white supremacy.
    When Jeffries retired in 1905 as heavyweight
    champ there was a lack of good fighters to fill
    the gap.

34
Boxing Has it passed its prime?
  • The biggest gains in boxing popularity have been
    in womens participation!
  • Lack of bad guy we love to hate or hate to love
  • Lack of identification with a barbaric sport
  • Other ways to fill the thirst for blood
  • Decline of industrial America
  • Pay-Per-View

35
Football
  • Nov. 6, 1869 Rutgers beat Princeton 6-4 in the
    first football game. (Rugby style)
  • 25 men on each side
  • Columbia joined the game in 1870

36
Walter Camp Father of American Football
  • Played at Yale from 1876-1880 and coached them
    from 1888-1891 and then Stanford from 1892-1895
    (81-5-3 record)
  • Served on every rule committee in collegiate
    football from 1878-1925.
  • Responsible for changing the game from a rugby
    (kicking game) to modern football.

37
Camp cont.
  • Contributed the following rule changes snap-back
    from center, safety, the system of downs, and the
    points system (touchdowns vs. kicking , and the
    7 man offensive line formation. Modern Football!

38
Michigan Football
  • 1879 first season
  • 1887 taught Notre Dame the game
  • Hail to the Victors 1898 after last minute
    victory over the University of Chicago
  • Champions of the West?

39
NCAA is Born
  • Football was a bloody sport in its beginning and
    many people called for it to be outlawed.
  • TR called together the major colleges to discuss
    the matter in 1905 out of this meeting the NCAA
    is born
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