The Treaty of Versailles

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The Treaty of Versailles

• WHII 9b

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Peace

• In July 1918, the Allies started winning more
  victories and gaining more ground from Germany.
• By the fall of 1918, new members of the German
  government wanted to negotiate for peace.
• One by one, the Central Powers started backing
  out of the war.

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11th Month, 11th Day, 11th Hour

• On November 11th, at 1100 A.M., the Allies and
  Germany agreed to an armistice
• Armistice a cease-fire agreement where neither
  side wins or loses.
• Kaiser Wilhelm II is overthrown in Germany, and a
  republic is formed.
• Wilhelm blames the Jews and Socialists for
  Germanys defeat.

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Entente Powers
Military Deaths
Total Deaths
Military Wounded
Australia1 61,928 61,928 152,171
Belgium2 42,987 104,987 44,686
Canada3 64,944 66,944 149,732
France4 1,397,800 1,697,800 4,266,000
India6 74,187 74,187 69,214
Italy7 651,010 1,240,010 953,886
Romania13 250,000 680,000 120,000
Russia14 1,811,000 3,311,000 4,950,000
Serbia15 275,000 725,000 133,148
United Kingdom17 885,138 994,138 1,663,435
United States18 116,708 117,465 205,690
Total (Entente Powers) 5,696,056 10,353,813 12,809,280
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Central Powers Military Deaths Total Deaths Military Wounded
Austria-Hungary19 1,100,000 1,567,000 3,620,000
Bulgaria20 87,500 187,500 152,390
Germany21 2,036,897 2,462,897 4,247,143
Ottoman Empire22 800,000 5,000,000 400,000
Total (Central Powers) 4,024,397 9,415,397 8,419,533
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Casualties During World War I(in millions)
Country Mobilized Casualties Percentage
Austria-Hungary 7.8 7 90
Russia 12 9.15 76
France 8.4 6 71
Germany 11 7 63
Italy 5.5 2.15 39
Britain 8.9 3 34
U.S. 4.35 .36 8
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The Big Four
Vittorio Orlando
Georges Clemenceau
Woodrow Wilson
David Lloyd George
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What the Big Four Wanted
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France

• Get rid of Germanys military.
• Germany pay them money (reparations)
• Put their Army in Germany until was paid.

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Great Britain

• Agreed with France
• Wanted to make sure Germany was strong to keep it
  from becoming Communist.

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Italy

• WANTED LAND!!!!!!!

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United States

• Wanted democracy and self-determinations of
  nations.
• Wanted a international body to keep peace in the
  world.

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14 Points

• Woodrow Wilsons plan for peace.
• Wanted to make democracy safe for the world.

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Results of Treaty
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1. War Guilt Clause

• France and Britain forced Germany to accept
  responsibility for starting WWI.
• Germany was mad, but could do nothing about it.

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2. Germany Lost Land

• France takes back Alsace and Lorraine from
  Germany.
• France keeps army in Germany until Germany pays
  up.

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3. German Military

• Germany was forced to disarm
• Could only have 100,000 soldiers
• Navy could only have 12 ships (no subs)
• Could have no air force

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4. Reparations

• Germany was forced to pay the Allies money to
  help rebuild after war.
• Total amount was 33 billion dollars!!
• 392,433,486,462.40 today!!!
• They had 50 years to repay all the money.

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5. New Countries Created

• New countries were created out of Germany, Russia
  and Austrian-Hungarian Empire.
• Countries were created based on language

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6. League of Nations

• International body created to keep peace
  throughout world.
• Problems
• Had no military force behind it.
• United States and Russia did not join.

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Impacts of Treaty of Versailles
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1. Germans Felt the Treaty was Harsh

• They could not pay the reparations.
• The terms of the Treaty were disrespectful
• Punishments made their economy go down the toilet

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2. American Isolation

• America did not agree with what Pres. Wilson did.
• The Senate voted against the Treaty and joining
  the League of Nations.
• The US spent the next 20 years ignoring what was
  happening in the world.

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3. Colonies

• Colonies wanted to gain independence from Europe
  as a result of the war.
• People started fighting and demanded independence
  one by one throughout the world.

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4. End of Empires

• No more huge empires
• Austrian-Hungarian
• German
• Russian
• Ottoman