ANWR

1
ANWRTwo Sides to Every Issue

• Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

2
Pros and Cons for Drilling

• http//healthresearchfunding.org/pros-and-cons-of-
  drilling-in-anwr/ 6min

3
ANWR Drilling video

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vFiwZzj_z7yE

4
Environmental View
5
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) Where
Caribou Meet Oil Conduits (plus some coal
pictures)
Above USGS http//pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/fs014-03/
pipeline.html Right Fish and Wildlife Service
http//pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/fs014-03/pipeline.htm
l
6
Oil and gas arent quite as photogenic as
mountains or canyons. Here are a few pictures
from ANWR, and some shots showing oil wells, coal
mines, and the occurrence of oil, gas and coal in
the U.S. You might want to know that, with
heating, plant turns to peat to lignite to
bituminous to anthracite, that western PA has
bituminous and eastern PA has anthracite, and
that making oil too hot produces natural gas so
western PA has oil but eastern PA doesnt.
7
Photos from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service photo
below hosted on web site of Vermont Senator
Patrick Leahy
leahy.senate.gov/issues/ environment/caribou.gif
http//arctic.fws.gov/index.htm
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (above) and
its caribou (right).
8
Satellite image showing ANWR. To the north (top
of picture) sea ice floats in the Beaufort Sea.
Below, rivers drain from snow-covered mountains.
http//www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/froze
n_north.html
9
http//geology.usgs.gov/connections/blm/energy/og
_assess.htm
Slightly fuzzy USGS map of oil (green), gas
(red), and a lot of dry holes (gray) for the U.S.
Alaska is reduced to fit ANWR is at the far
north (top) of Alaska.
10
http//www.ice.gov/graphics/news/insideice/images/
oilwell_lg.jpg Modern Pennsylvania oil well.
This happens to be a well that was seized by
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) of the
U.S. Government as part of investigation of drug
crimes.
http//www.eia.doe.gov/kids/history/people/pioneer
s.html Historical photo of the
worlds first oil well, Drake Well Museum,
Titusville, PA.
11
http//energy.er.usgs.gov/products/databases/USCoa
l/figure1.htm
USGS map of coal resources in the contiguous U.S.
The numbers and blue lines refer to different
coal regions used in USGS studies. 1-3 on the
far right are anthracite, 4-8 and 12-23 (shown in
green and blue) are bituminous (of various
grades greener colors are closer to lignite, and
the red bits in 4 and 7 are close to anthracite),
and regions 9-11shown in yellow and orange are
lignite.
12
http//pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1143/ USGS Circular
1143, CoalA Complex Natural Resource, above by
J.C. Willett, right R.W. Stanton, upper right
P.D. Warwick, USGS.
Left coal-fired Navajo power plant near Page,
AZ. Upper right Mining lignite-to-bituminous
coal, WY. Lower right Scientific sampling of
Lower Freeport Coal, Indiana County, PA.
13
Slightly-low-resolution photos of peat from
Indonesia (upper left), lignite from Texas
(above the darker beds are coal, lighter are
volcanic ash) and bituminous from West Virginia
(left bituminous usually is blacker, but has
been weathered here).
http//pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1143/ USGS Circular
1143, CoalA Complex Natural Resource, upper
left by S.G. Neuzil, left by C.B. Cecil, above by
P.D. Warwick, USGS.
14
Above from Warwick, Peter D., in preparation,
Geologic Assessment of Coal in the Gulf Coastal
Plain U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper
1625E, CD-ROM. http//energy.er.usgs.gov/NCRA/Gulf
_Coast_B.htm
Left http//www.usbr.gov/history/dragline.jpg
photograph from Colorado, 1914, US Bureau of
Reclamation.
Draglines (left and top center) often are used to
remove unwanted rock above coal in surface
(strip) mines, such as the Gulf Coast lignite
mine shown in the right-hand four pictures, where
volcanic-ash interbeds separate the coal beds,
with a fossil palm leaf (upper right).