Islamic Faith

1
Islamic Faith

• Arabia Before Muhammad

2
Setting the Stage

• The cultures of the Arabian peninsula were in
  constant contact with each other.
• The Middle East served as a bridge between
  Africa, Asia, Europe.
• Goods new ideas were often traded, such as
  religion.

3
The Islamic World

• The Arabian Peninsula was a peripheral desert
  wasteland whose once great cities had fallen on
  hard times.
• Its sparse population consisted of nomadic
  peoples called beoudins.
• It is here that the Islamic faith can trace its
  origins to.

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Makkah

• Important trade stop and religious center of
  Arabia
• People settled there because of the fresh water
  well
• It is the current location of Kaaba shrine with
  300 religious idols)
• Population was very diverse Arabs, Christians,
  Jews, etc.

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Arabs

• Arab (abhar to move or pass)
• Majority of Arabias first inhabitants were
  Bedouins (nomadic arabs)
• Origins Africa or Mesopotamia?
• Valued camels and swords above all else
• Had no strong central government
• Practiced animalistic polytheism (many gods)

7
Quraysh

• Powerful local tribe of Arabs
• Encouraged tribes to deposit idols in the Kaaba
  and protected them for a fee.

8
A Leader Emerges

• Angel Gabriel visited Muhammad and told him to
  Recite in the name of the Lord!
• Mohammed was convinced that he was chosen to
  spread a monotheistic religion to the Arab people
  and reject all tribal gods.
• Muhammad became a Muslim, one who submits to the
  will of God.
• He spread the new religion of Islam, which united
  people and provided a sense of purpose.

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Muhammads Early Life

• Born into Hashim family of the powerful Qurasyh
  tribe between 570 and 580 C.E.
• Angels told mother, Amina, to name the child
  Muhammad (highly praised)
• Father, Abdallah, died before Muhammads birth,
  Mother, died when he was six.
• He was raised by his uncle, Abu Talib

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Muhammad contd

• As a young man, he worked for a wealthy widow,
  Khadija
• Married Khadija had 7 children (only 1
  daughterFatimasurvived)
• Had a reputation as a seeker of solitude

12
The Divine Revelations

• Later to become known as the Five Pillars of
  Islam
• Faith There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed
  is his Prophet.
• Prayer Five times a day facing Mecca
• Alms Give money to the poor
• Fast no eating from sun up to sun down during
  the month of Ramadan
• Pilgrimage All Muslims must journey to Mecca for
  those financially and physically able.

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Muhammads Teachings

• Major Points of Muhammads public teachings
• There was only one God (Allah) and all should
  submit to him.
• All believers in God were equal
• The rich should share with the poor.
• People should live righteously
• All people would be subjected to a Judgment Day

14
Angry Makkans

• Muhammads preaching angered many of the people
  of Makkah
• He wanted to abolish idolatry, yet most Makkans
  did not want to give up their idols
• Critical of wealthy merchants who controlled most
  of the money and power in Makkah

15
Protection for the Prophet

• He was able to remain in Makkah because of his
  powerful and respected family

16
Muhammads Welcome

• Prophet was welcomed by Jews and Arabs of Yathrib
• Both groups hoped Muhammad could prevent a civil
  war from breaking out
• Renamed Yathrib Madinaht unNabit, which means
  City of the Prophet
• Believers in Islam began to call themselves
  Muslims those who submit to Gods will.

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Hijrah

• Muhammad decided to leave Makkah after death of
  Khadija and Abu Talib
• Traveled to oasis city of Yathrib
• This journey (hijrah) marks the beginning of
  Islam and Muslim calendar

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Conflict in Medina (Madinah)

• Muhammad hoped Islam could win new converts
• Some Jewish leaders did not accept Muhammad as
  Gods latest prophet
• Jews who opposed Muhammad were expelled from
  Madinah
• At first, Muhammad told Muslims to pray in the
  direction of Jerusalem, but later changed it to
  the Kaaba in Makkah

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Postcard Collection Islamic Empire

• Our focus will now turn towards the last of the 3
  monotheistic religions established in Ancient
  History. You are going to create a series of
  postcards based on the Islamic Faith, using
  Chapter 10, sections 1 2. Each card must have
  between 10-15 facts that you will find in the
  textbook. You will also need to have a draw a
  graphic representation of what you researched.
  The picture must be in color.
• Postcard 1
• Spread of the Islamic Faith (pgs. 269-270)
• Caliphs
• Success
• Treatment of Others
• Postcard 2
• The Islamic Faith (pgs. 271)
• Sunni-Shi a Split