Chapter 50

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• Chapter 50 An Introduction to Ecology and the
  Biosphere

I am the Lorax. I speak for the trees. I speak
for the trees, for the trees have no tongues.
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Ecology

• The study of interactions between organisms and
  the environment
• Subfields of Ecology
• Organismal ecology
• Population ecology
• Community ecology
• Ecosystem ecology
• Landscape ecology
• Biosphere

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Ecology
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Limiting species distribution

• Biogeography area limitations
• Behavior and Habitat Selection relates to
  evolution, adaptation, and the concept of niche
• Biotic Factors other species herbivory,
  predation, parasitism, disease, competition
  seaweed example
• Abiotic Factors

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Abiotic Factors

• Temperature
• Water
• Sunlight
• Wind
• Rocks and soil
• Climate

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Global climate

• Precipitation

• Seasons

• Wind

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Aquatic Biomes
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Aquatic Biomes

• Lakes
• Wetlands
• Streams and Rivers
• Estuaries
• Intertital Zone
• Oceanic Pelagic
• Coral Reefs
• Marine Benthic Zone

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Aquatic Zonation

• Vertical Stratification
• Photic zone photosynthetic light
• Aphotic zone little to no light
• Benthic zone bottom substrate
• Littoral zone well lit, open water close to
  shore freshwater only
• Limnetic zone well lit, open water away from
  shore freshwater only
• Thermocline narrow stratum of drastic
  temperature change
• Benthos a community of organisms
• Detritus dead organic matter, food for the
  benthos

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Terrestrial Biomes
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Terrestrial Biomes

• Tropical Rainforest
• Desert
• Savanna
• Chaparral
• Temperate Grasslands
• Temperate Broadleaf Forest
• Coniferous Forest
• Taiga
• Tundra