Democratic Developments in England

1
Democratic Developments in England

• Prologue /Section 3 AND English Civil War (Ch. 5
  Sec.5)

2
Medieval Reforms

• Started when feudalism ended.
• Henry II, was considered one of the most gifted
  statesman. He created a jury trial as a means of
  justice. (feudal courts before)
• This became common law, which became the basis of
  the legal system in countries.
• However, by 1215 King John was overran by nobles
  who presented him with the Magna Carta.

3
Magna Carta

• Is celebrated as the source of traditional
  respect for individual rights and liberties.
• The document basically limited the power of the
  English monarch over the people.
• Clauses of this document did a variety of things
  that are part of law today due process of law.

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5
Magana Carta (contd)

• Two big clauses
• Clause 12 taxes shall be levied in our kingdom
  by common consent of our kingdom.
• Clause 39 No man shall be arrested or
  imprisoned.. except by legal judgment of peers or
  by law of the land.

6
Parliament

• By the mid-1300s Parliaments were gaining
  strength.
• House of Commons (lower house), House of Lords
  (upper house) were partners with the monarch.
  Voted on policies, etc.
• However, by the 1600s Kings were so power
  hungry, they claimed the divine right.
• In 1625 again there is trouble for kings.

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8
Parliament Overthrows King

• King Charles I, agreed to demands of Parliament
  and later broke it. (4 parts, p.19)
• Charles dismissed Parliament and was later in
  need of money so he called upon them.
• This led to power of King Charles being reduced.

9
English Civil War

• During the fall of 1641, Parliament passes laws
  to limit royal power.
• King Charles I is furious, attempts to arrest
  leaders of Parliament.
• This eventually led to the English Civil War.
  (1642-1649)

10
English Civil War (contd)

• War was a stalemate until 1644, Puritan general
  Oliver Cromwell started to have success.
• The next year captured King Charles I. What
  follows?? (1649)
• Legacy of Cromwell short lived.
• He abolished the Monarch and puts a republican
  form of government in place only to overthrow it
  and rule as a military dictator.

11
Restoration and Revolution

• After Cromwell died in 1658 the government he
  created collapsed.
• King Charles II regained control, restoring the
  Monarchy.
• Parliament passes habeas corpus, under his rein.
  (Good or Bad?)
• Then after his death came King James II,
  Catholic. PROBLEM?
• Society mostly Protestant, led to??

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13
Glorious Revolution

• Was the turning point in English constitutional
  history.
• This is when Constitutional Monarchy was formed.
• With this in 1689 came the creation of the Bill
  of Rights under William and Mary.
• What did this time period in English history do
  to help develop the Americas?