The LGBT Movement

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The LGBT Movement

• The history of the movement from Stonewall
  through Gay Marriage, Gender Identity and
  Transgender Issues

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To start a few questions

• The gay rights movement burst on to the political
  scene in 1969. Why then?
• What were the social conditions that fostered the
  appearance of this new social movement?
• What gains have this movement made in changing
  laws and attitudes?
• How has the movement evolved?
• What are some of the important debates within it?

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LGBT Movement A Brief History

• A Definition
• the formation of durable organizations and
  community groups that promote a liberal agenda of
  equal rights and inclusion, premised on a
  conception of gay men and lesbians as a clearly
  demarcated social group with a fixed, ethnic-like
  identity.

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An LGBT Timeline

• The 1950s
• In the 1950s the Homophile Movement emerged
  first in New York City, with the Mattachine
  Society promoting assimilation politics.
• This is the first appearance of the gay political
  movement. Although largely unsuccessful, this
  movement laid the groundwork for the rise of the
  militant faction of the LGBT Movement.

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Timeline (continued)

• The 1960s
• The 1960s foster liberal ideas about sexuality.
  In 1969, three days of rioting ensue when police
  bust a mobster-run gay club, Stonewall Inn, in
  Greenwich Village. This is considered the
  symbolic beginning of the gay movement

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more timeline

• The 1970s
• In the 1970s, the Gay Liberation Front
  splinters, and is composed of largely white,
  middle class enclaves.
• Creation of National Organizations National Gay
  Task Force, Gay Rights National Lobby, Human
  Rights Campaign. The movement attempts going into
  popular politics Carter and the Democratic Party
  fail to push forward gay rights plank.

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even more timeline

• The 1980s
• Ronald Reagan voted into office for two terms,
  followed by George H.W. Bush for one term.
• The rise of the first challenge to the gay rights
  movement the New Right (Moral Majority)
• The emergence of the AIDS epidemic. Reagan, the
  media, and the New Right label it as the gay
  disease. This galvanizes previously uninvolved
  gay men into the activist role.

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and last, but not least

• The 1990s
• The 1990s social movements include those of
  racial politics (minorities previously not in
  movement), sexual expression, and the split
  between left/right political entities within gay
  communities.
• The repealing of gay rights, including the
  fighting against gay marriage is the most recent
  obstacle.

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Gay Marriage Merriam-Webster Definition of
Marriage1 a (1) the state of being united to
a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife
in a consensual and contractual relationship
recognized by law (2) the state of being united
to a person of the same sex in a relationship
like that of a traditional marriage ltsame-sex
marriagegt b the mutual relation of married
persons WEDLOCK c the institution whereby
individuals are joined in a marriage2 an act
of marrying or the rite by which the married
status is effected especially the wedding
ceremony and attendant festivities or
formalities Merriam-Webster Definition of Civil
Unionthe legal status that ensures to same-sex
couples specified rights and responsibilities of
married couples Merriam-Webster Definition of
Domestic Partner2 either one of an unmarried
heterosexual or homosexual cohabiting couple
especially when considered as to eligibility for
spousal benefits
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Current Gay Marriage legislation by State There
are currently 19 states that have a state
constitutional amendment restricting marriage to
one man and one woman There are currently 26
states that have a law restricting marriage to
one man and one woman Of the above mentioned 45
states 13 of them have a law or amendment that
contains language that does currently or could
affect other legal relationships between same-sex
couples such and civil unions or domestic
partnerships There are currently 4 states that
have no explicit provision prohibiting marriages
between same-sex couples There is currently 1
state that issues marriage licenses to same-sex
couples
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Marriage VS Civil Union VS Domestic
Partnership There are many right that are
extended to married persons on both a federal and
state level. A few of which are Next-of-kin
status, Joint tax filing, Death and bereavement
leave, Family visitation rights, such as to visit
a spouse in a hospital or prison. These rights
are both afforded to married persons and
recognized by both state and federal governmental
institutions. This means that the majority of
rights extended to married couples in one state
are recognized by all other states as well as the
federal government. Civil unions and Domestic
partnerships can extend many of the same rights
that marriages do but only on the state level and
it is at the states discretion what rights are
granted under these alternative partnerships.
There is no federal mandate that requires Civil
unions or Domestic partnerships granted in one
state be recognized by any other state. It is up
to individual state government whether or not
these alternative partnerships will be recognized.
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The Debate Within While all GLBT groups feel
that there should be some form of legal process
by which partners are granted the rights of
marriage not all groups are advocating for Gay
Marriage. Groups such as Beyond Marriage
advocate a split from the dominate binary forms
of partnership. They put forth the idea that
traditional marriage may not be the answer. While
they make a stand primarily for alternative
partnerships among gay and lesbian couples, they
also point out that Civil unions and Domestic
partnerships may work better in many cases
involving heterosexual couples and prove to be
more effective. The primary goal of groups who
push toward alternative partnerships is to break
two common misconceptions 1) That traditional
marriage is the only way for people to show their
commitment to one another.2) That only those
persons who enter in to traditional marriage are
worthy of the rights and privileges granted to
them.
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Transgender Issues

• Laura McReynolds
• Chelsea Donaldson
• Lauren Mueller
• Grace Jones

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What We Are Covering

• Definitions
• History
• Discrimination
• Influences and Support
• Conclusion
• Questions

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Definition Just A Few Terms

• Gender Identity vs. Gender Expression vs. Sexual
  Orientation
• Cross-dresser vs. Drag
• Hermaphrodite/Intersex

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What It Means To Be Transgendered

• Transgender vs. Transsexual
• Defies gender binary
• Gender neutral pronouns (Sie, Hir)

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History How does T fit into LGBT?

• Transgender an ancient and modern idea
• 1953- first surgery (Christine Jorgensen)
• 1966- Comptons Cafeteria
• 1975- Minneapolis anti-discrimination law
• 1993- Intersex Society of North America (ISNA)

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Discrimination Within the Movement

• Movement started out conservative
• Excluded butch lesbian, feminine gay men,
  transgender people, and bisexuals
• Eventually turned from GL, to LGB, to LGBT

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Discrimination

• Hospitals, restaurants, bathroom
• 1991 - Brandon Teena (Boys Dont Cry)
• Laws
• ENDA
• Department of Fair Employment and Housing
• The Real ID Act
• Goal Social Equality

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Influential Organizations

• C.O.G. (Conversion Our Goal) in 1967
• STAR (Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries)
  in 1970
• FTM 1980
• Gay Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD)
  1985
• Queer Nation 1990
• ISNA 1993
• GenderPAC 199
• National Center for Transgender Equality (NCTE)
  2003
• Basic Rights Oregon
• SONG

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Includes Lucent, Apple, Chevron, Estee Lauder,
Gap, General Mills, Johnson Johnson, Kaiser
Permanente, Walgreens, Toys R Us, Nordstrom,
Staples, WAMU, Hewlett Packard, Nike, American
Airlines, and more.
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Questions

• Has your idea about transgender changed?
• Do you agree with transgender inclusion within
  the movement?

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GENDERAs a Human Rights Issue
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Gender Identity

• Gender identity is a persons sense of self
  regarding characteristics labeled as masculine,
  feminine, both or neither.
• An individual determines their own gender
  identity.
• A persons gender identity is a statement or
  expression of their self identification.

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Gender Expression

• Refers to things like clothing and behavior that
  manifests a person's fundamental sense of
  themselves as masculine or feminine, and male or
  female. This can include dress, posture, hair
  style, jewelry, vocal inflection, and so on.

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Gender Stereotyping

• The act of trying to compel an individual's
  conformity to gender stereotypes, as well as
  negative expectations based on those stereotypes.
  

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Discrimination

• An individuals gender identity or expression
  may make other people uncomfortable but refusing
  to treat transgender, intersexed or
  gender-variant people in the same manner as other
  people is a violation of human rights.

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Discrimination

• Children of all ages are bullied to conform to
  gender norms.
• This conformity to norms can create long term
  problems such as academic underachievement.

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Discrimination Examples of Gender Identity
Discrimination

• Employment
• Housing
• Public Accommodations

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Discrimination31 of Americans Now Covered by
Anti-Discrimination Laws

• The following municipalities have recently passed
  anti-discrimination measures which include gender
  identity and expression. 
• The City Councils of Cincinnati, OH
• Lansdowne, PA
• Swarthmore, PA
• King County, WA
• Washington, D.C.
• The passage of these new laws mean that for the
  first time 31 of Americans now live in areas
  that ban discrimination based on gender identity
  and expression.

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Discrimination

• Transgender people face many issues that
  negatively impact their quality of life due to
  prevalent transphobia in the US.
• Joblessness, homelessness, and acts of violence
  are a few.
• Through education we can fight for the right of
  all people to live their lives openly without the
  fear of abuse or discrimination.

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Gender Facts

• Gender is excluded from federal hate crimes
  legislation.
• In a GenderPAC survey, 1/3 of gay, lesbian, and
  bisexual respondents who suffered workplace
  discrimination reported that it was due at least
  in part to their gender.

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Gay-Straight Alliances

• Are student organizations, found primarily in
  American high schools and universities.
• Are intended to provide a safe and supportive
  environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and
  transgender (LGBT) youth and their straight
  allies (LGBTA).

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Gender Rights

• sexual orientation and gender identity/expression
  protections

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Goals and Strategies of the LGBT Human Rights
Movement

• Political Change
• Political goals include changing laws and
  policies in order to gain new rights, benefits,
  and protections from harm, and educating elected
  officials.
• Cultural Change
• End discrimination based on gender stereotypes by
  changing public attitudes.

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Goals and Strategies of the LGBT Movement

• "For the lesbian and gay movement, then,
  cultural goals include challenging dominant
  constructions of masculinity and femininity,
  homophobia, and the primacy of the gendered
  heterosexual nuclear family.
• - Mary Bernstein

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Who is LGBT and who isnt?

• As with other social movements there is conflict
  within the LGBT movement, especially about
  strategies for change and debates over exactly
  who comprises the people that these movements
  represent.