Chapters 3.15-3.18

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Chapters 3.15-3.18

• Ms. Doshi

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Mitochondria Clip

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vaWNc9sE5Jpg

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Mitochondria (sing. Mitochondrion)

• Converts energy in chemical bonds of
  carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to carbon
  dioxide, water and ATP (Energy).
• For energy conversion, a lot of oxygen is used.
• Example Our mitochondria uses 80 of our oxygen
  to create 90 of the energy our cells need.

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Number of mitochondria in different cells
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Structure of a Mitochondrion
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Structure of a Mitochondrion
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2
3
4
5
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Mitochondrial DNA

• Mitochondria has its own DNA
• Mitochondria has 2-10 copies of its own DNA.
• This DNA has instructions for making
  mitochondrial proteins needed for energy
  production and metabolism.
• Inherited from the mother.

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Lysosome Clip

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vekdIEpSf-1I

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Lysosome

• round
• membrane-bound
• full of acid
• has 50 different digestive enzymes
• breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
• gets rid of garbage
• some parts of molecules, that are digested, are
  put back into the cell to be reused

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Tay Sachs Disease

• Genetic disease
• A child inherits an enzyme that cannot digest a
  particular lipid.
• The lysosomes cannot digest this lipid.
• The number of lipids increase in the lysosomes.
• The lysosomes grow bigger and kills the cell.
• After a few years, many cells are affected and
  the child dies.

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Questions 3

• For energy conversion, in mitochondria, a lot of
  _____is used.
• What has higher energy needs a liver cell or a
  red blood cell?
• Can you identify the parts of a mitochondrion in
  English.
• Mitochondria has ______ copies of its own
  _______.
• Mitochondrial DNA comes from our ______.
• Lysosomes gets rid of (removes) _____ from a
  cell.
• Why do children get Tay Sachs Disease?

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Endomembrane System

• A system of organelles
• biological molecules are made here
• examples proteins and lipids
• biological molecules are modified (changed) here
• toxins are broken down here
• 1/5 of a cells volume

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

• connected to nuclear envelope
• has ribosomes on the surface
• ribosomes make protein
• cells that make a lot of protein, have a lot of
  ribosomes
• FUNCTION OF RER
• fold and package proteins to other places in the
  endomembrane system, the cell surface, or outside
  the cell.

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

• -no ribosomes and further from nucleus
• -makes lipids and carbohydrates
• example fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids
• the lipid made depends on the type of cell
• example SER of testes makes testosterone
• -DETOXIFIES molecules
• examples alcohol and drugs

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SER, RER and the Body

• There is a lot of SER in liver cells. This is the
  place for molecular detoxification.
• There are a lot of RER SER in plasma cells in
  the blood. They make immune system proteins.
• There are a lot of RER SER in pancreas cells.
  They make digestive enzymes.

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Golgi Apparatus

• makes proteins and lipids
• packages proteins and lipids for use in other
  parts of the body
• makes carbohydrates, including complex
  polysaccharides found in plasma membranes
• STRUCTURE
• stack of membranes that are NOT connected

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The Endomembrane System at Work

• There are about 4 chambers in the Golgi
  apparatus.
• The Golgi apparatus is involved in PACKAGING

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Clip

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vbD4z27ASN1M

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Questions 4

1. What 3 things does the endomembrane system do?
2. RER has ______ on its surface.
3. Which parts of the endomembrane system have
   connected membranes RER, SER, or Golgi
   Apparatus?
4. Cells that make a lot of _______ , have
   ribosomes.
5. SER has ____ ribosomes.
6. What does SER do?
7. There is a lot of SER in ____ cells. Why?
8. What does the Golgi apparatus make and package?
9. There are about ____ chambers in the Golgi
   apparatus.