Title: Interactions
1Interactions
- Transformation, Imperialism, Colonialism
2Definitions
- Imperialism
- Policy of extending control over foreign entities
either thru direct or indirect political or
economic intervention - Colonialism
- System in which a state claims sovereignty over a
foreign people, its resources, its territory
Cecil Rhodes, From Cape to Cairo, as depicted
in a 19th c. Punch magazine.
3Transformation in Western Europe, 16th-19th c.
- New state types
- emergence of the national state around 1500
- well-defined territory
- relatively centralized
- Professional armies
- New accumulation of wealth
- New economies
- Exploration of the New World, 1450-1700.
- Industrial capitalism
4W. European Transformation
- New ideas
- Science and Enlightenment
- Development of a new scientific discourses
- New identities
- Us and Them, Civilized world and
uncivilized world, Orient Occident - gradual emergence of nationalism
5French invasion of Egypt, 1798-1801
Right, Geromes Napoleon in Egypt (1863)
A romanticized painting of Napoleon inspecting a
mummy at the Pyramids.
6Transformations in Ottoman rule, 19th century
- Ottoman reform The Tanzimat, 1830s-1870s
- New centralization
- New technologies (railroad)
- New education
- New institutions
- Nationalism
- loss of Ottoman territories
- Communal violence
- Reform new powers (Egypt)
- Erosion of Ottoman economic and political
independence - Capitulations
- European protection of non-Muslim minorities
- 1881 Public Debt Administration
7Age of Empire, 1875-1914
- Growing global division between the very powerful
and the not powerful - Rise of colonial empires
- Between 1876 1914 about 25 of the worlds land
surface distributed as colonies among about 6
states (E. Hobsbawm) - Reasons economics (new markets new resources),
strategic reasons, political symbolism,
nationalism - New European colonialism in the Middle East
Direct Indirect colonialism - British outposts on the Arabian Peninsula, 1799
- New settler colonialisms in North Africa
- French annexation of Algeria, 1834
- British administrative occupation of Egypt, 1882
- Russian and British imperialism in Iran
In the late 19th c. around 60 of Britains
cotton exports went to India further east
8Imperialism in Africa, late 19th-early 20th
century
9Empires twilight World War I and its aftermath
- Choosing the wrong side The Ottomans in WWI
- Secret European agreements
- Istanbul Agreement Russia, England, France
Russia gets Istanbul and the straits Arabs get
Arabia and much of the rest of the Arab world - Sykes-Picot Agreement Britain and France
- Husayn-McMahon Correspondence
- Balfour Declaration
10Sykes-Picot Agreement
11New Maps the Mandate System
- League of Nations-sanctioned
- certain parts of the world were put under
trusteeship of various victorious European
powers - British mandates in the MidEast Palestine, Iraq,
Transjordan - French mandates in the MidEast Syria, Lebanon
12Outside the Mandate
- True independence Turkey
- Mostly independent Yemen, S.Arabia
- Direct colonial rule Libya (Italy) Algeria,
Morocco, Tunisia (French) - External control influence Iran (Britain,
Russia, U.S.), Egypt (Britain) - British treaties of protection Kuwait, Oman,
U.A.E.
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