Defining an independent nation

1
(No Transcript)
2
(No Transcript)
3
Defining an independent nation
How many countries are there?
4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7

• N. Korea has an abundance of natural
• resources S. Korea has industry. What if
  they reunited?

8
(No Transcript)
9

• Taiwan is the most populous state not in the UN

10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
Nation-States in Europe

• Nation-State state whose territory corresponds
  to that occupied by a particular ethnicity
• Desire for self rule (self-determination)
• Nation States began emerging throughout the 1800s
  (Germany Italy unification are good examples)
• After WWI many E. European countries pushed for
  self-determination, which was supported by
  President Wilson of the U.S. many boundaries
  lines were changed (many boundaries were set
  based on lang.)

17
Europe before after WWI
18
Imperialism in 1914
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
Ch.8 Key Process 3Why are Nation-States
difficult to create?

• Multi-ethnic state state that contains more than
  one ethnicity
• Multi-national state country that contains more
  than one ethnicity w/ traditions of
  self-determination
• Ex. Soviet Union before breakup in 1990s
• Russia is the largest multi-national state

26
Nation-States in Europe

• Denmark
• 90 of the pop. are ethnic Danes
• Most speak Danish, nearly all Danish speakers
  live in Denmark
• 10 of pop. w/ the 2 largest minorities being
  Turkish people from former Yugoslavia
• Control 2 territories where few Danish people
  live
• Faeroe Islands and Greenland (control most of
  their own domestic affairs)
• Slovenia
• Was a former republic of Yugoslavia, but became
  independent in 1991
• 83 are Slovenes
• Boundaries coincide w/ Slovene ethnic group
  helping with overall stability peace
• Borders Italy and w/ changing boundary lines
  after WWII 1/5 of Slovenes live there

27
E. Europe under Communism

• Many E. European ethnic groups desired
  self-determination but the Communist leaders
  imposed centripetal forces to discourage
  differences until the break-up of the Soviet
  Union in the early 1990s
• Ex. organized religion minimized, use Russian
  language, socialist realism (emphasized Communist
  economic social values)
• Soviet Union consisted of 15 republics now
  independent states
• 3 Baltic states Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
• 3 European States Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine
• 5 Central Asian states Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
  Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
• 3 Caucasus states Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia
• Russia

28
Baltic States

• Lithuania 85 are ethnic Lithuanians, Roman
  Catholic, speak a lang. of the Balto-Slavic
  branch of the Indo-European lang.
• Estonia 69 ethnic Estonians, most Estonians are
  Protestant (Lutheran), speak Uralic related to
  Finnish
• Latvia 59 are ethnic Latvians, Latvians are
  predominately Lutheran w/ lg. Roman Catholic
  minority, speak a lang. of the Balto-Slavic brnach

29
European States

• Belarusians, Ukrainians, Russians speak similar
  Slavic languages predominately Orthodox
  Christians
• Belarus Ukraine distinct due to physical
  isolation from Russians
• Russians conquered region in 1700s
• Distinct cultural differences btw. these groups
• Moldova ethnically indistinguishable from
  Romanians b/c it was part of Romania until Soviet
  Union took it over
• Began independent in 1992 many want to reunite
  w/ Romania
• Problem w/ reunification is Russia increased
  Moldovas size many people on this land are
  Ukrainians or Russians who dont want to unite

30
European States
31
Central Asian States

• Turkmenistan 85 Turkmen, Muslim, speak Altaic
  lang.
• Conquered by Russia in 1800s Turkmens are
  divided btw. the two countries
• Uzbekistan 80 Uzbek, Muslim speak Altaic lang.
• Conquered by Russia in 1800s divided among
  Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
• Kyrgyzstan 69 Kyrgyz, 15 Uzbek, 9 Russian
• Kyrgyz are Muslim who speak Altaic lang.
• Resent Russians for taking best farmland
• Kazakhstan very large in comparison to other
  Central Asian states
• Ethnic tension btw/ Kazakhs (67) Russians
  (18) but b/c of relative stable economy it has
  been peacful
• Differences include religion lang.
• Tajikistan civil war btw/ Tajik people

32
Central Asian States
33
Caucasus Region

• Conflict in this region w/ many ethnicities
  boundaries of states not matching the territories
  occupied by these ethnicities
• Azerbaijan became independent in 1991 from
  former Soviet Union
• Fragmented state w/ discontinuous pieces of
  territory
• Russia Iran claimed part of it in the 1800s
• 91 are Azeris
• 24 of Iran include Azeris (participate in govt
  but Iran restricts teaching of Azeri lang.)
• Armenia became independent in 1991 from former
  Soviet Union
• Mostly Christians, 91 are Armenian
• Long history of conquest genocide (ex. Ottoman
  Empire)
• Conflict btw. Armenia Azerbaijan over land
• 1994 cease-fire left area of Nagorno-Karabakh
  technically part of Azerbaijan but acts like an
  independent republic called Artsakh

34

• Georgia unrest due to cultural diversity
  especially btw. Ossetians Abkhazians
• Abkhazians fought for NW portion of Georgia in
  1990s declared Abkhazia to be independent
• Ossetians fought w/ Georgians resulting in the
  Ossetians declaring South Ossetia portion of
  Georgia to be independent
• Russia has recognized Abkhazia South Ossetia as
  independent countries has sent troops there

35

• Russia
• Largest country in world
• Recognize 39 ethnic groups as nationalities, many
  eager for independence
• 20 of country are non-Russian
• Independence movements are flourishing b/c Russia
  is less willing to suppress these movements
• Chechens (Sunni Muslims) are biggest concern for
  Russia
• Chechnya declared its independence after breakup
  of USSR refused to join Russia
• Russia fought back b/c didnt want other
  ethnicities to rebel Chechnya also has
  petroleum deposits

36
(No Transcript)