Why operator training simulators (OTS) ?

1
Operator Training Simulator for a Distribution
System

• Why operator training simulators (OTS) ?
• train operational procedures to new staff
• experience unusual/disturbance situations for
  existing staff
• study grid behavior with future equipment such as
  substations, transformers, Distributed Energy
  Resources (DER) like Wind, PV, etc.
• ...
• OTS in use at transmission control centers since
  decades

Roland Eichler Germany S3 Paper 0211
2
Why OTS for Distribution Systems

• higher dynamics due to more DERs connected
• increased requirements for reliability of supply
• more complex (feeder) automation schemes
• advanced control center tools increasingly
  available such as state estimator, power flow,
  volt/var control, etc.
• This leads to the need for OTS also in
  distribution grid control centers particularly
  with view on Smart Grids

Roland Eichler Germany S3 Paper 0211
3
Overview of OTS

• means for sequences of events to be defined,
  stored and retrieved by the instructor
• simulates response of load, generation and
  network conditions to control actions, initiated
  either from the Educational System or from CCM
• connects the PSM with the CCM disturbances,
  outages, noise, etc. for each data point
• replica of the control functions i.e. features
  and UI of these functions in the SCADA/DMS and
  OTS are identical

TRAINING SEQUENCE CREATION
BASE CASE SELECTION
TRAINER
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
SYSTEM EVENTS
GENERATOR MODELING
LOAD MODELING
NETWORK SIMULATION
POWER SYSTEM MODEL
PROTECTION MODELING
TELEMETRY MODEL
DATA ACQUISITION
DISPLAY CONTROL
CONTROL CENTER MODEL
APPLICATION FUNCTIONS
SUPERVISORY CONTROL
OPERATOR
LOGGING
Roland Eichler Germany S3 Paper 0211
4
The OTS Power System Model

• Simulation of the power system by solutions of
  the model loops (OTS cycle)
• Frequency Model and External LFC Model can be
  omitted for distribution grids
• Once every cycle the Load Model and the
  Protection Models are updated
• In case of breaker openings/closings due to the
  Educational Subsystem or due to relay actions the
  flows and voltages throughout the network
  (Network Model) are recalculated

The major component that distinguishes an OTS for
distribution from a transmission system OTS is
the Power System Model.
Roland Eichler Germany S3 Paper 0211
5
PSM Specialty in Load Modeling

• Upon session start
• All status information and measured values are
  taken from a saved case
• Non-measured loads are determined from load
  curves (C)
• Initial run of OTS-DPF with scaling of the loads
  to the measured values (e.g. at feeder head M).
• Comparison of OTS-DPF solution to the load curve
  values yields scaling factors
• Use of these scaling factors throughout the
  training session.

Roland Eichler Germany S3 Paper 0211
6
PSM Specialty in OTS-DPF activation

• OTS-DPF does not do scaling again after session
  start-up (vs. DPF performs scaling each time)
• DTS-OPF runs in 15 min cycle
• calculating all feeders of a single HV infeed
• handling all HV infeeds of the grid one-by-one
• vs. 5 sec cycle in transmission grids
• Project experience
• 20,000 loads
• 33,000 line segments
• 150 HV infeeds
• 30 sec total calculation time

Roland Eichler Germany S3 Paper 0211
7
Trainee Evaluation Module Sample Result
Roland Eichler Germany S3 Paper 0211
8
Trainee Evaluation Module Criteria Setting
Roland Eichler Germany S3 Paper 0211
9
Future Outlook

• Described OTS planned for hand-over to first
  customer in August 2011
• 500,000 customers
• 21,000 km of distribution lines
• annual growth rate of 12
• Add specialized modules to the Generation Model
  for modeling of DERs
• Add distance protection relay model in
  combination with short-circuit calculation

Roland Eichler Germany S3 Paper 0211