Title: Kein Folientitel
1Oceanographic Timeseries a global array and the
ANIMATE example
Uwe Send, IfM Kiel
ESONET meeting, April 2003
2Some of our most important knowledge about the
functioning of the oceans comes from long
timeseries of data
3Some of our most important knowledge about the
functioning of the oceans comes from long
timeseries of data
TAO temperatures in eastern Pacific
(courtesy M.McPhaden)
4Norwegian Sea 2000m temperatures
Gulf Stream transport and NAO indices from
decadal timeseries at Bermuda and OWS BRAVO
(Labrador Sea)
5Need to assure continuation and extension of
global timeseries observations to address the
needs of research, climate change detection,
operational applications, and policy makers.
- Science applications (monitor, detect, understand
and predict) - CO2 uptake by the ocean
- biological productivity, biomass, ecosystem
variables and fluxes - air-sea fluxes
- thermohaline changes, water mass transformation
- rapid or episodic changes (mixed-layer, blooms,
convection, MOC, etc) - mass/heat transports (boundary current,
over/throughflows, MOC) - geophysics
- Operational applications
- input data for forecasting systems (in-situ
biogeochemical) - constraints (e.g. transports) for assimilation
runs - detection of events
- validation of products
- Technical applications (reference/calibrate/verify
/...) - air-sea fluxes
- remotely sensed variables (SST, wind, color)
- sensor calibration (VOS, T/S of floats, ...)
- model statistics, physics and parameterizations
(and their variability) - providing sound signals for float naviation,
acoustic tomography - testbed for new instrumentation
6With this scope, timeseries observations
complement naturally the other elements of the
global observing system (satellites, floats, VOS,
sealevel, coastal buoynetworks), filling a gap
that no other system can provide. ? GOAL Build
a global network of multidisciplinary timeseries
sites
- Use autonomous moored sensors where possible
- advanced quantities still require
ship-board sampling - resolve variability of interest, avoid aliasing
7Observations of air-sea heatflux,
precipitation/evaporation, wind
stress (high-accuracy reference sites)
This figure shows the heat loss maximum over
the Gulf Stream, a region for which meteorological
models cannot well reproduce the surface heat
flux.
Flux reference moorings would be extremely
valuable here.
8Example Water mass formation (deep convection)
variability in the Labrador Sea (long-term
moorings of IfM Kiel)
Time-depth plot of temperature in central
Labrador Sea over 7 years
9Observing the linkages between physical/climatic
and biogeochemical conditions and variability
Example from the Arabian Sea Monsoon
winds, chlorophyll, heating rate at 10m modulated
by biology and mixed-layer depth (white
line). Effects of monsoons and eddies
visible. (from T.Dickey)
10Observing the relationship between upper-layer
ecosystem productivity and downward carbon export
Example of downward organic carbon flux
1989-2000 in Porcupine Abyssal Plain (from
R.Lampitt)
11Benefits and added value of a coordinated global
system
- linking up changes at different locations
- detecting patterns
- understanding differences between regimes
- spreading/propagation of signals/changes
- harmonize/share technologies
- cross-community synergy, linked variables
- common data management and access
- common advocacy
12A number of the sites relate to elements of the
global thermohaline circulation system
13Example transport sites for the thermohaline
circulation
14Example CLIVAR deep thermohaline transport array
(IfM Kiel)
Location of section off lesser Antilles
Instrumentation on section density and bottom
pressure sensors for geostrophic transports,
tomography for heat content
15Flow through critical straits, passages, and
choke points
As an example, the Indonesian passages
provide the crucial exchange between Pacific and
Indian Ocean and need to be monitored. Other
sites Gibraltar, Drake Passage,
subpolar N.Atlantic (separate slide)
16Example variability in carbon uptake
17Example Coordinated ecosystem changes (Chavez
et al)
18Surface chlorophyll from CZCS Vertical
distribution of Chl from 21,000 profiles Mixed
layer depth from NOAA-NODC archive Surface
nutrients Brunt-Vaisala
57 provinces on the basis of
Longhurst 1995
19? A global ocean timeseries observatory system
is now under development
- A GOOS/CLIVAR/POGO sponsored (via OOPC/COOP)
activity - The system is multidisciplinary in nature,
providing physical, meteorological, - chemical, biological and geophysical
timeseries observations - Goal is to make the data are publicly
available as soon as received and
quality-controlled by the owner/operator - An international Science Team provides
guidance, coordination, outreach, and - oversight for the implementation, data
management and capacity building - A pilot system (2001-2006) has been defined
consisting of all operating sites - and those planned to be established within 5
years, subject to evaluation in - terms of the qualifying criteria by the
Science Team.
20Definition of an ocean timeseries site in the
global system (requirements)
- Sustained in-situ observations at fixed
geographic locations of ocean/climate related - quantities at a sampling rate high enough to
unambiguously resolve the signals of interest. - Transport sections using whatever technique
are included in choke points and major - boundary current systems (moorings, gliders,
ship ADCP, tomography, etc) - Coastal timeseries are included when they are
instrumented to have multidisciplinary - impact on the global observing system and if
they are not part of a national coastal buoy - network.
- Any implemented site fulfilling criteria will
become part of the system but has to deliver - its data into the system and to demonstrate
successful operation and value after 5 years. - Real-time data telemetry of operational
variables will be pursued, i.e.make effort if - technically feasible
- Data should be made public in near real-time
for real-time data or as soon as processed - and post-calibrated for other data
21Common data access
- develop a common data format for
multidisciplinary timeseries data (2003) - establish global data centers (1-2 US, 1
Europe, 1 Japan) (2004) - start by merging data from TAO/TRITON/PIRATA,
Bermuda, Hawaii, MBARI, ANIMATE, HiLats - define quality control standards
- work with programs/P.I.s to gradually include
real-time and delayed-mode data from all sites
22Initial map of the pilot timeseries observatory
system
23Mooring status and plan for Indian Ocean
(Masumoto et al)
24www.oceantimeseries.org (next week)
Contacts rweller_at_whoi.edu usend_at_ifm.uni-kiel.de
25Example EU project ANIMATE
An envisioned N.Atlantic carbon observingsystem
Objectives - Implement a European timeseries
infrastructure - Establish three
multi-disciplinary open-ocean observatory
sites - Contribute to a N.Atlantic carbon
observing system - Physical,CO2, nitrate,
fluorescence sensors, sediment traps,
telemetry Partners from Kiel, Bremen,
Southampton, Canary Islands, Iceland Start 1
Dec 2001
Coordination IfM Kiel, total funding
2.5MEuro
26Typical telemetry mooring design in ANIMATE
276 months of real-time microcat data from the
Irminger Sea
28- Suggestions for ESONET
- keep in mind the open-ocean/global-relevance
scientific applications - look for the right mix of coastal, regional and
open-ocean stations to address a maximum of
scientific issues - try to contribute to a global network
- examples for European waters - cover
oceanographic provinces - water mass
formation regions Norwegian/Greenland Sea
(station MIKE), Gulf of Lions, Levantine
Basin - Denmark Strait, Strait of Gibraltar,
etc - passages and straits in shelf seas
(e.g. Baltic)