Title: ??? 8086/8088 CPU?????
1?????????
?????????????
2002.2
2- ????
- ??????????????????????????????
- ????????????
- ????????
- ?????????
- ????????????????,?????????????????
3???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? 8086/8088
CPU????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???
???????? ??? ????????
4?? ?????,?????????,???????,2002.2 ????????????,???
?
???? ??42?? ??14?? ????10,??10,????80
- ????
- ??http//ctec.xjtu.edu.cn/bbs/?????????/
- ??????????103,202,105,205
- ??????700-1000
5?1? ????
- ????
- ??????????????
- ??????
- ??????????????
- ???????????
- ????????????
61.1 ? ?
- ????????
- ??????(1946-1956)
- ??????(1957-1964)
- ???????????(1965-1970)
- ???????????(1971-?)
- ???????????
- ??????/?????(Mainframe Computer)
- ?????(Minicomputer)
- ?????(Microcomputer)
- ?????(Single-Chip Microcomputer)
- ????????????(?????CPU)
- Intel CPU???????
7? ?? ?? ?? (bits) ?? ?? (?m) ???? (??) ???? (MHz) ?? (MIPS)
? 1971 1972 4 8 4004 8008 50 0.2 0.3 lt1 0.05
? 1974 8 8080 20 0.5 2-4 0.5
? 1978 1982 16 8086/8088 80286 2-3 2.9 13 4.77-10 8-20 lt1 1-2
? 1985 1989 32 80386 80486 1-2 27.5 120 12-33 25-66 6-12 20-40
? 1993 32 Pentium 0.6-0.8 330 60-200 100-200
? 1995 1996 1997 1999 2001 32 P/Pro P/MMX PII PIII P4 0.6 0.6 0.35 .25-.13 .18-.13 550 450 750 850 3000 133-200 166-233 233-450 450-1200 1300-3000 gt300
? 2002 ? 64 Itanium ? 0.08 CPU2.5K Cache30K 800(20???/????) gt3000
81.2 ???????
9???????
-
- ??????????
- ?????????
- ???????????
- ???
101. ???
- ??????,????
- ??0-9???????
- ??
112. ???
- ???2??,?2??
- ??0?1?????
- ??
123. ????
- ???16??,?16??
- ?0--9?A--F?16??????
- ??
13??????????
???,?????K???S?????
?? Si -- S??i???,???K???????? n,m
???????? K -- ?? Ki -- K?????
14??????????????
- ??????????????
- ????????B, ?1001B
- ????????O, ?1001O
- ???????, ?1001
- ?????????H , ?1001H
- ???????????????,???????????
15??????????
- 1. ?????????????
- ???????????????,????????
-
- ?10110010B (?)10
- 13FAH (?)10
162. ????????????
- ??? ? ??????
- ?????2??
- ?????2???
- ??? ? ???????
- ?????16??
- ?????16???
- ???????????????????
173. ????????????
- ?4???????1??????
-
- ? 10110001001.110 (?)H
- 0101 1000 1001.1100
- 5 8 9 . C
- ?????????0
181.3 ??????????
19?????????
- ????
- ??
- ????
- ????
- ????
- ????
201. ??
- ??110(???),
- ??0-11(???),
- ???
- ?????2???????????2????????1??
21?
- 00001011010000101100B
-
- 00001011010000000010B11B
- ? ?00000010B
- ??00000011B
222. ?????????
- ??n?????????X,??????
- 0 X 2n-1
- ???????????,??????
- (?????????n?,?????)
- ????
- ???,???????????(? ??)???????
23?
- 11111111
- 00000001
- 1 00000000
- ????8?(??????),?????(???256,??8????????????255)
243. ????
- ?(?)??(?)??(?) ???(?)
- ??????,????
- ????
- ..
- ?A10110110, B01101011
- ?A?B, A?B, A?B
254. ???
- ????????????
- ??
- ???????????????(???)
- ???????????
26??(AND Gate)
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Y A?B
?????????1????????
27??(OR Gate)
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
A B
Y
Y A?B
28??(NOT Gate)
1
A Y
0 1
1 0
A
Y
29???(eXclusive OR Gate)
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
A B
Y
Y A?B
305. ???
????
????
????
3174LS138???
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
G1 G2A G2B C B A Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 ? ? 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
321.4 ??????????
- ????????????
- ???????????????
- ???? 0 ????,???? 1 ????
- ?????????????,??????
- ????????????,?????
- (??????,??8???????)
33?
-
- 52 0110100 0 0110100
-
- ??? ???
-
- -52 -0110100 1 0110100
-
??
???
341. ??????
- ?????,???????????????????????X?????X?,????X?,?
???X?? - ?????,?????????
- ??????????????
35??X?
- ??
- ???0???,1???
- ??????????
36?????
??
???
??
??
X180010010
X?
0 0010010
X-18-0010010
X?
1 0010010
n??????????? ??????111?1 011?1?
37?0???
- 8??0???0 0 0000000
- - 0 1 0000000
- ??0???????
38??X?
- ??
- ?Xgt0 ,? X?X?
- ?Xlt0, ? X? ????????
- ??,????????
39?
- X - 52 -0110100
- X? 10110100
- X? 11001011
40?????
??
???
??
??
X180010010
X?
0 0010010
X-18-0010010
X?
1 1101101
n??????????? ??????100?0 011?1?
410???
- 0? 00000000
- -0? 11111111
- ??0??????????
42??
- ??
- ?Xgt0, ?X? X? X?
- ?Xlt0, ?X? X?1
43?
- X 52 0110100
- X? 10110100
- X? 11001011
- X? X?111001100
n??????????? ??????100?0 011?1?
440???
- 0? 0?00000000
- -0? -0?1111111111
- 1 00000000
- ?8???,?????
- ?0? -0? 00000000
45???10000000
- ????????? -0
- ??????? -127
- ??????? -128
- ?????(10000000)2 128
468??????????
- ?8?????
- ?? -127 127
- ?? -127 127
- ?? -128 127
- ???16??????????????
472. ??????????????
- ???????????
-
- 1)????
- 2)????
48?
- ?????????????????????
- 1) X? 0 0101110B ???0101110B
- ??
- ??X46
- 2) X? 1 1010010B
- ??
- X X?? 11010010?
- - 0101110B
- ??X - 46
493. ??????????
- ??????,??????????????????
- XY?X?Y?
- X-Y?X?- Y?
- ??X,Y??????,????????
50???????
?(module)????????????????,?????12,8????????2
8? ????????????????,??????????????????????,???
?n??,? X2nX (mod 2n) ????, X?2nX (mod
2n) ??, X?Y? 2n (X?Y) (mod 2n)
(2nX) (2n ?Y) (mod 2n)
X? ?Y?
51?
- X-0110100,Y1110100,?XY?
- X?10110100
- X? X?111001100
- Y? Y?01110100
- ?? XY? X? Y?
- 1100110001110100
- 01000000
524. ???????????
- ?(?)?
- ??????,???????????
- ??????,????????????
- ??
- ?????????????????
53???????
- ??1
- ??????????????
- ?????????????
- ????
- ?????,?????????????
- ?????,??????????????
- ??2
- ??8??????????????,?
- C7?C61,
- ????????
- C7??????(?)?C6??????(?)??
54?
- ??????,???????????
- ??????,???????????
CASE1
CASE2
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
CASE3
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
551.5 ?????
- ?????????BCD?
- ?4??????????????????????BCD?????BCD??
- ??BCD??????4??????,00001001??09,?????????????
- ???BCD??????????????,?4???0000,?4??00001001??09?
56??????????
- ????????????????,??????????????????,?????????????
- ?????????????????????,??????????????????
- ??????????????????(American Standard Code for
Information Interchange, ASCII?) - (???ASCII???,??????A)
57ASCII???????????
58 ASCII?
- ??7?????????????
- ??09????01100000111001,????3???011,?4???????????
??(BCD?)??? - ????AZ?ASCII??1000001(41H)??????,??az?ASCII??110
0001(61H)??????,??????????????? - ???????0,???????????
591.6 ??????????
- bit
- 1Mb1024?1024bit220bit
- 1Gb230bit1024Mb
- 1Tb240bit1024Gb
- Byte
- 1 Byte8bit,1KB1024 Byte,
- Word
- ????,?1bit, 4bit, 8bit, 16bit?,
- ??????2Byte(16bit)?
60?1???
61??
- ??? ?? (p25p26)
- 1.3(???3??,????????12?)
- 1.5
- 1.7
- 1.8
- 1.10