Training, Development, and Organizational Learning

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Training, Development, and Organizational Learning
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Training, Development, and Organizational Learning

• Purposes of Training Development
• Learning Theory Employee Training
• Designing Effective Training Systems
• Assessing Training Needs
• Setting Training Goals
• Designing Training Programs
• Techniques Methods
• Implementing Training Programs
• Evaluating Training Programs
• Management Development
• Organizational Development Organizational
  Learning

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Purposes of Training and Development

• Employee training
• A planned attempt by an organization to
  facilitate employee learning of job-related
  knowledge, skills, and behaviors
• Development
• Teaching managers and professionals the skills
  needed for both present and future jobs

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Learning Theory and Employee Training

• Learning
• A relatively permanent change in behavior or
  behavioral potential that results from direct or
  indirect experience
• Learning organization
• An organization whose employees continuously
  attempt to learn new information and to use what
  they learn to improve product or service quality

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Learning and Employee Trainingand Development
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Designing Effective Training Systems
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Designing Effective Training Systems

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Designing Effective Training Systems

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Training and DevelopmentTechniques and Methods

• Work-based programs
• Tie the training and development activities
  directly to the performance of the task
• On-the-job training
• Having employees learn their job while they are
  actually performing it
• Apprenticeship
• A combination of on-the-job and classroom
  instruction

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Training and DevelopmentTechniques and Methods
(contd)

• Work-based programs (contd)
• Vestibule training(????)
• A work-simulation situation in which the job is
  performed under a condition that closely
  simulates the real work environment
• Systematic job rotation and transfer
• Systematically rotating or transferring the
  employee from one job to another

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Training and DevelopmentTechniques and Methods
(contd)

• Instructional-based programs
• Approach training and development from a teaching
  and learning perspective
• Lecture or discussion approach
• A trainer presents the material to those
  attending the program in a descriptive fashion
• Computer-assisted instruction
• A trainee sits at a personal computer and
  operates software that has been developed
  specifically to impart certain information to the
  individual

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Training and DevelopmentTechniques and Methods
(contd)

• Instructional-based programs (contd)
• Programmed instruction
• The material to be learned is prepared in a
  manual or training booklet, which the individual
  studies at his or her pace

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Training Technology
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Designing Effective Training Systems

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Designing Effective Training Systems

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Management Development

• Rather than attending a single training program,
  managers may need to participate in different
  programs that span a long time.
• Management development may be subject to
  different opportunities and limitations regarding
  materials, training methods, and modes of
  instruction.
• The learner may need to be an active participant
  in a development program.

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Special Techniques for Management Development

• In-basket exercise
• The trainee must play the role of manager in
  dealing with a hypothetical in-basket of letters,
  memos, reports, phone messages, and e-mail
  messages.
• Leaderless group exercise
• A group of trainees are placed together in a
  group setting and told to make a decision or
  solve a problem.

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Organizational Development

• An effort that is planned systemwide and managed
  from the top of the organization to increase the
  organizations overall performance through
  planned interventions
• Relies heavily on behavioral science technology
• Techniques diagnostic OD, survey feedback OD,
  third-party peacemaking, process consultation

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Organizational Learning

• The process by which an organization learns
  from past mistakes and adapts to its environment
• Begins with individual learning and change
• Depends on social processes and sharing
• Organizational memory
• The collective, institutional record of past
  events