Sentences

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Sentences
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Sentences

• Objective ? by the end of this section you will
  be able to
• Identify the different parts of a sentence.
• Identify and properly use different types of
  punctuation.
• Build strong and effective sentences.

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Kinds of Sentences

• The Fragment
• The Run-on
• Complete Sentences (3)
• The Simple Sentence
• The Compound Sentence
• The Complex Sentence

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The Fragment

• A fragment is an incomplete sentence. When
  reading a fragment, you know something is
  missing.
• Ex The girl brushing her hair
• How can this fragment be made into a complete
  sentence?

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Finishing the Fragment

• Ex The girl brushing her hair
• The girl is brushing her hair.
• The girl brushing her hair is pretty.
• I saw the girl brushing her hair.
• Is the girl brushing her hair?
• Now you try it on the fragment sheet you have!

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The Run-on

• A run-on sentence has lots of ideas all trying to
  fit into one complete sentence. It seems to go on
  forever and it leaves the reader confused.
• Example
• On my way to work I got a flat tire but I
  couldnt change it myself so I tied a white cloth
  to the antenna and waited inside my car until
  finally a passing motorist stopped when he
  noticed the white cloth and offered to change the
  tire for me even though he was in a hurry he
  stopped because he is an individual who cares
  about other people.
• How can we fix a run-on sentence?

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How tofix a run-on!

• End Punctuation shows the end of a complete
  sentence.
• The Period .
• The period ends a complete sentence.
• The Question Mark ?
• The question mark ends a complete sentence that
  asks a question.
• The Exclamation Mark !
• The exclamation mark ends a complete sentence
  that expresses a strong feeling.
• Finish the run-on sentence activity on the
  following sheet.

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How tofix a run-on!

• The Conjunction The conjunction is a word that
  is used to connect two complete thoughts. Each of
  these is a conjunction and, but, or. In the
  following sentence, two thoughts are connected
  but the conjunction but.
• I would have helped change the tire, but I
  didnt have time to stop.
• REMEMBER ? You must use a comma , before
  each conjunction.
• LOOK !!
• Do the attached
• conjunction work now!

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How tofix a run-on!

• The Semicolon A semicolon is used to
  connect two related sentences when they are not
  joined by a conjunction. A semicolon can take the
  place of a conjunction.
• Conjunction ? He cares about other
  people, and he always offers to help.
• Semicolon ? He cares about other people he
  always offers to help.
• REMEMBER ? The first word AFTER the semicolon
  begins with a lower case (small) letter.
• Do the attached work on semicolons now.

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3 Kinds of Complete Sentences

• The Simple Sentence
• The Compound Sentence
• The Complex Sentence

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The Simple Sentence

• The simple sentence tells us who or what the
  sentence is about.
• The who or what (a person or a thing) is the
  SUBJECT of the sentence.
• A simple sentence also tells us what the subject
  DOES, or that IT EXISTS, and WHERE IT IS.
• Study the examples and answer the questions
• on the attached The Simple Sentence
  worksheet.

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The Compound Sentence

• A Compound Sentence is made of two simple
  sentences that are joined by a conjunction such
  as AND, BUT, OR.
• Each of the following compound sentences contain
  two simple sentences which are underlined. A
  comma is used before each conjunction.
• The girl pulled the cats tail, and the cat ran
  away.
• She tried to pull the cats tail, but the cat
  ran away.
• Would she like a cat, or would she rather have
  a dog?
• Complete the attached exercise for The Compound
  Sentence

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The Complex Sentence

• A complex sentence has a subordinate clause (a
  fragment) and a main clause (it can stand alone
  as a complete sentence).
• fragment complete sentence complex
  sentence
• In the following examples, the subordinate clause
  comes first and the main clause second there is
  a COMMA between.
• subordinate clause (comma) main clause
• If I plan ahead, I can achieve all my goals.
• When you leave the room, please close the door
  quietly.

Do the first part of The Complex Sentence
worksheet and then of to The Next Step
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Complex Sentences Continued

• Notice the difference in these examples of
  Complex Sentences
• You do NOT need to use a comma when a complex
  sentence begins with a main clause.
• Main clause subordinate clause
• I can achieve all my goals if I plan ahead.
• Please close the door quietly when you leave the
  room.

Finish the remaining The Complex Sentence
questions and move onto the Composition Assignment
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Punctuation Time !!
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Period .

• Use a period to show the end of a sentence.
• Ex
• Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.
• The federal government is based in Ottawa.
• Use a period after certain abbreviations.
• Ex
• B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.
• Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.
• The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.
  
• It is 400 p.m. in Halifax right now.

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Question Mark

• Use a question mark at the end of a sentence to
  show a direct question.
• How many provinces are there in Canada?
• Note do not use a question mark for indirect
  questions.
• The teacher asked the class a question. Do not
  ask me why.

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Exclamation Mark

• Use an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence
  to show surprise or excitement.
• Ex
• We won the Stanley Cup!
• The forest is on fire!
• CAUTION Do not overuse exclamation marks.
  Too many will take away the emphasis they are
  intended for!

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Comma ,

• Use a comma to show a pause in a sentence.
• Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime
  minister.
• Use a comma with quotation marks to show what
  someone has said directly.
• "I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
  
• Use commas for listing three or more different
  things.
• Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest
  provinces.
• Use commas around relative clauses that add extra
  information to a sentence.
• Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great
  painter.

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Quotation Marks

• Use quotation marks to show what someone has said
  directly.
• The prime minister said, "We will win the
  election."
• "I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
  
• You will also use quotation marks to create a
  bibliography or works cited, as a part of your
  research essay. We will cover that later though.

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Colon

• Use a colon to introduce a list of things.
• There are three positions in hockey goalie,
  defence, and forward.
• Use a colon to introduce a long quotation.
• The prime minister said We will fight. We will
  not give up. We will win the next election."

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Semicolon

• Use a semicolon to join related sentences
  together.
• The festival is very popular people from all
  over the world visit each year.
• Use a semicolon in lists that already have
  commas.
• The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto,
  Ontario Montreal, Quebec and Vancouver, B.C.

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Dash -

• Use a dash before a phrase that summarizes the
  idea of a sentence.
• Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the
  characteristics of weather in Vancouver.
• Use a dash before and after a phrase or list that
  adds extra information in the middle of a
  sentence.
• The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went
  to the store. Most Canadians - but not all -
  voted in the last election.
• Use a dash to show that someone has been
  interrupted when speaking.
• The woman said, "I want to ask - " when the
  earthquake began to shake the room.

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Hyphen -

• Use a hyphen to join two words that form one idea
  together.
• sweet-smelling
• fire-resistant
• Use a hyphen to join prefixes to words.
• anti-Canadian
• non-contact
• Use a hyphen when writing compound numbers.
• one-quarter
• twenty-three