The Fundamentals of Green Building

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Construction Management
Green Professional Building Skills Training
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COURSE OBJECTIVES
To understand

• A. Environmental impact of construction
• B. Integrated approach
• C. Construction practices on a green building

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GPRO Certificate Holders
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CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT GREEN BUILDING
Page 2
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A Green Building
A green building is designed, constructed and
maintained to minimize adverse environmental
impacts and to reduce energy consumption, while
contributing to the health and productivity of
its occupants.   A key component is consideration
of the building's impacts and performance over
its entire life.
LEED Gold Building, NY
What is Green Building? Page 2
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LEED Credit Categories Prerequisites for LEED
1. Sustainable Sites p1 CAPP 2. Water
Efficiency p1 Water Use Reduction
20 3. Energy Atmosphere p1 Fundamental
Commissioning p2 Minimum Energy
Performance p3 Fundamental Refrigerant
Management 4. Materials Resources p1
Storage/Collection of Recyclables 5. Indoor
Environmental p1 Min. Indoor Air Quality
Performance Quality p2 Environmental Tobacco
Smoke Control
What is Green Building? Page 2
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Whole Building Approach
Design, construction, and operation are
integrated.
What is a Green Building? Pages 2-3
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Leadership in Green Design

• A green project has
• New technologies
• Improved construction practices
• Added verification
• Greater coordination
• Stronger relationships between CM, Subs end
  users

Solar panels
Applying Best Practices and Leadership Pages 2-4
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CLASS DISCUSSION
What green or sustainable practices are you
already doing on your projects?
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CM/GC's Roles Relating to Sustainability
Page 4
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TEST YOURSELF

1. How does the sustainability concept of
   integration affect the construction process and
   the CM/GC's role?

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PRE-CON SERVICES Sustainability
Planning in the Design Phase
Page 5
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The Sustainability Team
Establishing the Sustainability Team Pages 5-6
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Case Study Fort Hamilton Historic Society
Maritime Museum, Brooklyn, NY
Classroom Exercise 1 Pages 57-58
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Case Study Fort Hamilton Historic Society
Maritime Museum, Brooklyn, NY

• Owner's Priorities
• Eliminate stormwater runoff
• Reduce water consumption
• Reuse materials from existing warehouse structure
• Use salvaged materials from decommissioned ships
• Provide daylit gallery spaces

Classroom Exercise 1 Pages 57-58
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Defining Sustainability Goals
Define priorities
goals
in context of project requirements.
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Defining the Sustainability Goals Pages 6-7
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Schematic Design Phase

• Establishing Goals Identifying LEED Credits
• Assess project potential for LEED certification
• Identify possible measures credits
• Establish proposed sustainability measures
• Determine feasible LEED credits
• Confirm goals and credits

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Schematic Design Phase Page 7
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Case Study Potential LEED Points and Proposed
LEED Points
Review potential LEED points to determine which
are feasible to proceed with.
Classroom Exercise 2 Pages 59-62
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Evaluating Costs to Prioritize Scope

• Simple Payback Analysis
• Payback Period (Total Cost) / (Annual Savings)
• The shorter, the better!
• Life-Cycle Cost Assessment
• A more complete analysis, includes
• Maintenance
• Future decommissioning
• System replacement
• Opportunity costs

Financial Evaluation of Sustainability Measures
Pages 8-10
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Simple Payback Analysis

Financial Evaluation of Sustainability Measures
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Payback Analysis Comparison
ITEM (Column 1) COST OF BASE DESIGN (Column 2) ADDITIONAL COST OF THE UPGRADE (Column 3) INCENTIVE OR SUBSIDY (Column 4) NET CAPITAL INVESTMENT (Column 5) ANTICIPATED ANNUAL OPERATIONAL SAVINGS (Column 6) PAYBACK PERIOD (YEARS) (Column 7)
Chiller Variable Frequency Drive 500,000 75,000 7,500 67,500 20,000 3.4
Air Handler Fan Variable Frequency Drive 100,000 15,000 1,500 13,500 6,000 2.2
Pumps- Variable Frequency Drive 50,000 7,500 750 6,750 6,000 1.1
Built-up Roofing Project (3,000 sf) with Sedum Green Roof 200,000 100,000 0 100,000 1,000 100
Photovoltaic Roof System (50 kW) 0 450,000 275,000 175,000 17,000 10
Solar Thermal System 75,000 50,000 20,000 30,000 4,500 6.6
High-Efficiency Lighting Upgrade (10,000 sf) 200,000 200,000 20,000 180,000 50,000 3.6
Financial Evaluation of Sustainability Measures
Pages 8-9
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Value Engineering
Green projects have less wiggle
room. Substitutions with lower "first costs" may
cost a lot more in the long run.
Value Engineering Page 11
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Incentives Analysis

• Primary responsibility by owner or A/E
• Funding can come from local, state, federal or
  utilities
• Factor funding into payback analysis process
• A/E will rely on CM/GC for data and scheduling
  info

Analyzing Sustainability Incentives Page 11
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TEST YOURSELF

1. What is the CM/GC's role on the Sustainability
   Team (ST)?
2. How is the CM/GC involved in identifying
   sustainability goals and target LEED credits?
3. Why and how do you conduct and evaluate a simple
   payback analysis?
4. What is the CM/GC's role in analyzing
   sustainability incentives?

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SUSTAINABILITY MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Credit Types
TYPE 1 Mostly design teams responsibility and
design team verifies. TYPE 2 Shared design team
and construction team responsibility with
construction team responsible for verification.
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The Sustainability Management Plan (SMP) Page 12
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Create your Sustainability Management Plan

• Clarify the following
• Who is responsible for what?
• What trades are affected?
• What are the documentation requirements and how
  will they be met?
• What work practices are required and how will
  they be verified?

The Sustainability Management Plan (SMP) Pages
12-14
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CLASSROOM EXERCISE Sustainability Management Plan
The CM generates the SMP to coordinate the
execution of the sustainability measures.
Classroom Exercise 3 Page 63
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CLASSROOM EXERCISE
Now make the argument to the Owner about how you
plan to achieve each credit.
Classroom Exercise 3 Page 63
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Sometimes Points are Eliminated
Delete Solar Thermal System Financial criteria
Proposed solar system will have a long payback
period (increasing water efficiency means less
hot water being used) Site logistics Turns out
that the solar thermal system doesn't have
adequate southern exposure
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Additional Complexities
Green building practices can impact schedule,
budget, purchasing, and coordination

• Installation sequences
• Building reuse
• Availability of green-skilled trades
• Schedule implications Flush-out, erosion
  control, ductwork protection, long-lead-time
  items
• Availability of green materials
• Documentation requirements
• Logstics and site plan issues
• Waste sorting

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The Sustainability Management Plan (SMP) Pages
12-14
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Preparing QualificationsPresent Your
Competitive Edge
List green strategies from your experience for
waste management, IAQ flush out, HVAC retrofits,
Cx, etc. Include an organization chart showing
team members with LEED AP or GPRO certificate.
Responding to an Owner's RFP Pages 14-15
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TEST YOURSELF

1. What elements should you include in your
   Sustainability Management Plan?
2. When updating your Sustainability Management
   Plan, what critical elements need to be confirmed?

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TRADE BID AWARD Incorporating Sustainability
Strategies
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Bid Issues to Explain to Subs

• Dispelling the myth of LEED record keeping
• Regional, recycled, and FSC certified
  requirements
• Issues that may involve more than one credit
• Building flush-out schedule
• Cx (commissioning) milestones inspections

Vetting Bids to Ensure Sustainability Scope is
Covered Page 18
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Things to Look for in Selecting Green Subs

• Experience track record
• Certifications or training
• Motivation
• Openness to use greenproducts
• Location of manufacturing or harvesting

Creating a Bid List with Green-Qualified
Contractors Pages 16-17
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Developing Bid Documents to Support
Sustainability Goals

• Project sustainability goals and LEED credit
  scorecard
• Clarity on shop drawings and submittals LEED
  template letters
• Sort salvage requirements
• VOC caps
• Collaboration expectations
• Work practice documentation requirements

Developing Bid Documents to Support
Sustainability Goals Page 17
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Vetting Bids to Ensure
Sustainability Scope is Covered

• Participation on Sustainability Team
• Time for flush-out testing
• Cx schedule impacts
• Local materials acquisition
• CD Waste
• Recycled content verification

Vetting Bids to Ensure Sustainability Scope is
Covered Pages 17-18
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CLASS DISCUSSION

• What questions would you ask the trades to ensure
  that they understand the sustainable
  requirements?
• Use the SMP as your guide.

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Handoff to Mobilization
Finally, we're ready to start construction! Do
all trades and vendors have the information they
need to build a green project?
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Handoff to Mobilization Page 18
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TEST YOURSELF

1. What should the CM/GC consider when selecting
   green subcontractors?
2. What are the unique elements of bid documents on
   a green project?
3. How does the vetting of green bids differ from
   standard practice?
4. What are the green issues that the CM/GC is
   responsible for in preparing for mobilization?

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• MOBILIZATION

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Core Sustainability Activity Areas
Mobilization Page 19
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Construction Activity Pollution Prevention (CAPP)

• LEED Prerequisite (SSp1)
• Intent Reduce pollution from construction
  activities by controlling soil erosion, waterway
  sedimentation, and airborne dust generation
• Contractor Requirements Erosion
  Sedimentation Control Plan (ESC) that includes

• Temporary seed/mulch
• Concrete wash-out
• Dust watering

• Silt fences
• Sedimentation traps
• Earth dikes

1. Construction Activities Pollution Prevention
(CAPP) Pages 20-21
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CAPP Compliance Responsibilities

• Develop adhere to ESC Plan
• Know NPDES and SPDES (National and State
  Pollutant Discharge Elimination System)
  requirements
• Inform subs of responsibilities
• Conduct inspections with a checklist
• Document mitigation procedures
• Log problems solutions

Concrete wash-out
1. CAPP Pages 20-21
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Sample CAPP Inspection Checklist
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY POLLUTION PREVENTION (CAPP) INSPECTION CHECKLIST To be Performed Weekly and after Major Rain Events CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY POLLUTION PREVENTION (CAPP) INSPECTION CHECKLIST To be Performed Weekly and after Major Rain Events CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY POLLUTION PREVENTION (CAPP) INSPECTION CHECKLIST To be Performed Weekly and after Major Rain Events CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY POLLUTION PREVENTION (CAPP) INSPECTION CHECKLIST To be Performed Weekly and after Major Rain Events CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY POLLUTION PREVENTION (CAPP) INSPECTION CHECKLIST To be Performed Weekly and after Major Rain Events CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY POLLUTION PREVENTION (CAPP) INSPECTION CHECKLIST To be Performed Weekly and after Major Rain Events
Control Measure Control Measure Condition Condition Condition Condition
Project Name Project Name YES NO NEED ATTN N/A
Project Number Inspector Inspection Date Project Number Inspector Inspection Date YES NO NEED ATTN N/A
1.0 VEHICLE EMISSIONS REDUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS REDUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS REDUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS REDUCTION VEHICLE EMISSIONS REDUCTION
1.1 All equipment with engines larger than 50 HP are listed on Trades Equipment Checklist for compliance with LMCCC Vehicle Emissions requirements.
Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations
1.2 All trade contractors submitted ULSD slips this week.
Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations
1.3 If grid power is available, electrical equipment is being used in lieu of diesel powered equipment, where available.
Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations
1.4 Trade contractors are complying with idling restrictions. Equipment is not unnecessarily idling longer than three (3) minutes and trades are enforcing the requirements with their subs.
Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations Inspection Observations
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Construction Waste Management (CWM)
LEED Credit (MRc2) Intent To divert
construction and demolition debris from landfills
and incinerators Contractor Requirements Managem
ent plan based on established diversion
goals Close-out documentation Verifying quantity
of materials diverted, recycled, or re-used
on-site
2. Construction Waste Management (CWM) Page 21
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CWM Compliance Responsibilities

• Develop Diversion Plan
• Select hauler that meets Plan requirements
• Determine if project will sort on- or off-site
• Monitor subs
• Obtain diversion tallies
• Provide documentation to
  Sustainability Manager

2. CWM Page 21
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Sample CWM Waste Reporting Form
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Construction Indoor Air Quality (CIAQ)
LEED Credit (IEQc3.1 and IEQc3.2) Intent To
protect the workforce during construction and
ensure clean environment for future occupants and
to reduce indoor air quality problems resulting
form the construction or renovation
process Contractor Requirements Develop a CIAQ
Plan addressing one or both credits
3. Construction Indoor Air Quality (CIAQ) Pages
21-22
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CIAQ Strategies

• Good housekeeping
• Ductwork protection
• Controlling pollutants
• Preventing pollution pathways
• Construction sequences to avoid pollutant
  contamination such as keeping absorptive
  materials clean and dry
• Flush-out (can take several weeks)

3. CIAQ Pages 21-22
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CIAQ Compliance Considerations

• CxA will require documentation
• Work with subs to develop creative solutions
• Protect all HVAC equipment
• Allow time for flush-out
• Test air at close-out

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3. CIAQ Pages 21-22
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Sample CIAQ Inspection Checklist
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Commissioning (Cx)

• LEED Prerequisite (EAp1) and credit (EAc3) for
  fundamental and enhanced commissioning.
• Intent
• To verify that the buildings energy-related
  systems are installed, calibrated, and perform
  according to the projects requirements
• Contractor Requirements
• Ensure subs conform to installation requirements
• Assist in testing activities

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4. Commissioning (Cx) Pages 22-23
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What Can Go Wrong on a Green Project?
Insufficient supervision or inadequate
communication may prevent you from reaching your
sustainability goals.
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TEST YOURSELF

1. What is the intent of each of the four core
   sustainable construction activity areas?
2. What are the CM/GCs primary compliance
   considerations for each core area?

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