Building Green in the 21st Century

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Building Green in the 21st Century

• Engineering with Nanotechnology

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Why Green? Why Now?

• What are some challenges?
• Global Warming?
• Air and Water Pollution
• Landfills
• Nonrenewable Resources

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Global Warming

• Greenhouse gases (especially CO2)
• Natural cycle or human caused?
• Can we wait?

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Pollution Challenges!

• Ozone
• Acid rain
• Drinking water
• Chesapeake Bay

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Landfills!

• Take space
• Produce methane gas (global warming)
• Add to water pollution

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Nonrenewable Resources

• Oil and Natural Gas Imports
• Mining for coal and mineral deposits
• Making electricity

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Buildings Waste and Pollute!

• 43 of CO2
• 40 of Landfills
• 40 of Electricity

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What Can We Do?

• Live in caves or tents?
• Ignore the challenges?
• Practice the three Rs?
• Innovate and Invent new solutions?

Image from www.stockxpert.com
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Can Nanotechnology Help?
bright idea
potential disaster
OR

• Different Approach to Science and Engineering
• Building blocks invisible to human eye
• Not new to Nature

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What is Nanotechnology?

• 1 item (usually 2 to 3) is 1 100 nm in size.
• Substances behave
• differently at the nanoscale!
• Control or manipulate
• at the nano scale.

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How Small is Small!?
100 nm
Comparing one hundred nanometers to the size of a
soccerball is like comparing a soccerball to the
size of the earth!
http//micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopt
icsu/powersof10/
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Lets Compare!

• How small is a human hair (diameter)
• Compare this to a nanotube (4nm diameter)

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Surface Area/Volume

• Ratio increases as size decreases
• Solubility and Reactivity Increase

• Video Clip

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Everything is Sticky

• Internal Forces Dominate Over Gravity

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Appearances May Deceive

• Optical properties vary at the nanoscale.

Image source http//mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/SlideSh
ow/slides/nanoparticles/Au_nanoshells.html
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Mother Nature
Mother Nature has used nanotechnology for
millions of year.
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Living LEDs
Butterflies figured out how to emit light 30
million years ago.
Fluorescent patches on the wings of some
butterflies work much like light emitting diodes
(LEDs).
http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4443854.
stm
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Wings are Colorful and Hydrophobic!
Look, Mom, Im dry!
Water droplet

• The butterflys wing in the picture isnt
  getting wet.
• The butterfly can thank its nanoscales.

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As the Saying Goes
Like Water Off of a Ducks Back
http//nanotechweb.org/articles/news/1/11/5/1/061
1102
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Building Green with Nanotechnology

• How?
• When?
• Where?

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Heating and Cooling

• Use HUGE amount of energy
• Insulators trap air

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Nanotech Insulators

• Trap air better
• High Surface Area to Volume Ratio
• Examples
• Spray or paint on
• Aerogel
• Window Film

Printed with permission http//www.nansulate.com/
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Lighting

• Uses almost one-third of energy
• 95 wasted as heat
• Fluorescent bulbs contain mercury
• Light-emitting Diodes (LEDs) safer and more
  efficient

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LED FUNDAMENTALS

• Semiconductor material
• Electrons flow one direction (diode)
• Photons released
• Color depends on material/band gap

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Atomic Level
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LEDs Today
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ACTIVITY
VS
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Safety

• Avoid placing incandescent bulbs against
  flammable surfaces.

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Procedures

• Turn off room lights.
• Measure temperature (oC) and illuminations
  (lumens). Lights off.
• Measure temperature (oC) and illuminations
  (lumens). Lights on.
• Record raw data (first part of data sheet)

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INCANDESCENT VS LED ILLUMINATION
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INCANDESCENT VS LED TEMPERATURE RANGE
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RELATIVE EFFICIENCY (lumens/temp range)
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LED Efficiency (lumens/watt)
LEDs are highly efficient compared to other light
sources.
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Organic LEDs

• Small applications today
• Potential to mimic natural light
• Flat or curved
• Potential to be more efficient and less expensive

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Steel and Concrete(and Wood?)
http//www.indigo.com/models/gphmodel/minit-carbon
-nanotubes.html"gt zig zag, chiral and armchair
carbon nanotubeslt/agt courtesy of Indigo
Instruments.
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Other Applications

• Glass
• Plastics
• Drywall
• Wiring
• Roofing Tiles
• Sensors

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Review

• Why Green? Why Now?
• What is nanotechnology and how can it help?
• How do LEDs work?
• Environmental and human health concerns

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Thank You