WHERE IS GREECE?

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WHERE IS GREECE?
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• Bordered by Albania, Macedonia and Bulgaria, and
  Turkey.
• Ionian Sea, Sea of Crete, and Aegean Sea All
  part of the Mediterranean Sea
• Has a Mediterranean climate warm to hot, dry
  summers (fires are common) and mild to cool, wet
  winters (avg annual rainfall is 17)

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?? When ??B.C.E. Before Common Era

• 900-800 City-states develop as Greece recovers
  from Dark Ages.
• 800-600 Greeks found colonies around the
  Mediterranean region.
• 776 First games are held at Olympia in honor of
  Zeus. Open to all Greek males.
• 750 Greek Alphabet is first used. HOMER composes
  The Illiad and The Odyssey.

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• C600 Coinage is introduced into Greek culture.
• 509-507 HERODOTUS writes the first major
  history.
• 300s Socrates, Plato and Aristotle are writing
  and teaching philosophy.

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The Beginnings

• COSMOGONY (The study of) Origin of the
  Universe (Cosmos)
• THEOGONY (The study of) Origin of the Gods
  (Theology Religion)
• In Greek Myth, these 2 are connected because
  different parts of the physical universe were
  thought to literally BE gods.
• There are several different creation stories,
  depending which writer you read. We are going to
  learn HESIODs story.

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• CHAOS a void or disorder
• EROS the force of love, GAIA Earth
• Gaia gave birth by herself to URANUS Sky
• Gaia and Uranus mated
• Gaia and Uranus had 3 groups of children
• a. 3 one-eyed Cyclopes
• b. 3 Hecatonchires (each were giants with 100
  arms and 50 heads)
• c. 12 Titans (Giants in Human form)

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• 6. Uranus feared the children so he buried them.
• 7. Gaia asked youngest son CRONOS (one of the
  Titans) to help find and release them.
• a. He attacked his father with a sickle
• b. Uranus retreated to an unknown place
• c. Cronos then became the RULER OF THE
  UNIVERSE. (This began the Rule of the Titans)
• 8. Cronos then married his sister RHEA (another
  of the 12 Titans)
• a. Together they had 6 of the Olympians

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• b. Prophesy that Cronos would be overthrown so
  he feared his children and ate each one as they
  were born.
• c. Rhea hid 1 child by giving it to nymphs to
  raise and then feeding a stone wrapped in a
  blanket to Cronos.
• d. That child was ZEUS when he grew up, he
  took a potion to his father which forced him to
  throw up the siblings.
• e. The Olympians waged war against Cronos and
  some other Titans (Prometheus, Epimetheus,
  Oceanus with Atlas as their leader)

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• f. Zeus freed the Cyclopes and the
  Hecatonchires to help him.
• g. Olympians won ZEUS Became SUPREME RULER OF
  THE UNIVERSE, and the Titans were sent into
  exile.
• h. The Greeks saw the Olympians as the
  generation of Gods who created them and their
  society, so they were very thankful to these Gods
  Goddesses for giving them life.

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ZEUS(Jupiter)Supreme Ruler
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Zeus

• Always depicted with lightning bolts (arrows)
• Always shown as a well-built middle aged man with
  a beard.
• He was a playboy! He spent much of his time
  having sex with any woman he could find goddess
  or mortal.

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HERA(Juno)Zeuss Wife SisterQueen of the
Gods
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Hera

• Usually depicted with a peacock feather, and she
  often had peacocks as pets.
• She was a very jealous wife she always had to
  watch Zeus. She couldnt punish him for his
  infidelity because he was more powerful, so she
  punished the women instead.

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HADES(Pluto)Lordof the Underworld
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Hades

• Usually depicted with fire, or in red.
• Like Zeus he is a well-built (powerful)
  middle-aged man with a beard.

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POSEIDON(Neptune) Father of the Sea
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Poseidon

• Depicted with a Trident (3-pronged spear)
• Often shown by water a wave or a storm.

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Hestia(Vesta)Goddessof theHearth/Home
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Hestia

• She is the least depicted 1st generation
  Olympian. (Not in many stories)
• She is like the quiet little sister who always
  stays home.
• Women pray to her for harmony in their home.
• She is depicted with a flame representing the
  stability of home fires.

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Demeter(Ceres)Goddessof theEarthAgriculture
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Demeter

• Last of the 1st Generation Olympians
• She is the only one who doesnt live on Mt.
  Olympus with the others. She lives on the earth
  because she is a God of the Earth
• She controls the agriculture that people live by.
• Often depicted with wheat or corn or some other
  grain crop.
• She had a baby with Zeus.

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Aphrodite(Venus)Goddessof Love BeautyBorn
from Sea FoamorBorn outof Zeuss side
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Aphrodite

• Most common birth story is that when Cronos
  fought his father Uranus, he cut off his fathers
  genitals and threw them into the sea, then
  Aphrodite grew up out of the sea foam created by
  that.
• She is the most revered of the Goddesses for her
  beauty and because she represents LOVE which
  the Greeks saw as most important.

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Apollo(Apollo)God ofLight TruthMusicPlays
Lyre
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Apollo

• Depicted as a strong young man no beard.
• Carries a Lyre
• His temple is at Delphi where an oracle talks to
  him and he gives the truth.
• People go to this temple and ask for info about
  the future. Since Apollo cant tell a lie, all
  prophesies that come from Delphi are believed.

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Artemis(Diana)Goddessof theForest-Huntress-
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Artemis

• Goddess of the forest always shown with a bow
  and arrow, and often with a hind (small deer).
• Apollo and Artemis are twins Children of Zeus
  and Leto (he had an affair). This upset Hera who
  sent a serpent to follow Leto and keep her from
  lying down to give birth.
• Eventually she went to an island and gave birth
  to Artemis first, then Artemis helped Apollo be
  born 9 days later.

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Ares(Mars)God of War
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Ares

• Son of Zeus and Hera
• Always shown in armor with a shield. He
  represents the violence of war. Zeus didnt
  really like him.
• Hes not in a lot of stories, but he was the
  father of many children (another playboy).

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Athena(Minerva)Goddessof Wisdom Courage
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Athena

• Born fully formed with armor from Zeuss
  forehead. Mother was Metis, Goddess of crafty
  thought and wisdom. Zeus was intimidated by her
  because it was prophesied that her children would
  be more powerful than their fathers, so he ATE
  her after they mated. Zeus then got a bad
  headache and one of the other gods hit him in the
  head with an axe and Athena popped out.
• She represents the Victory of war (rather than
  the violence like Ares). Always shown with a
  sword and a shield.

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Hephaestus(Vulcan)GodofFire
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Hephaestus

• Son of Zeus and Hera or of Hera alone.
• Blacksmith who made all the weapons and Zeuss
  lightning bolts.
• Considered very ugly.
• Had a relationship with Aphrodite considered to
  be the first Beauty and the Beast story.

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THE END
Created by Ms. Birtcher For English 9 Westerville
North High School 2011-2013