Chapter 11 - Water

1
Chapter 11 - Water

• Section 3 Notes

2
Water Pollution

• Water pollution
• Two underlying
• causes of water
• pollution
• Industrialization
• Rapid Increase In
• Human Population

3

• Industries are not the only contributor to water
  pollution. Sewage and agricultural runoff can
  cause the spread of eater pollution.
• Two types of water pollution
• Point Source Pollution
• Nonpoint Source Pollution

4
Point Source Pollution

• Definition
• Leaking septic tank
• Unlined landfills
• Leaking underground storage tanks (gas)
• Water discharge from industries

5
Nonpoint Source Pollution

• Definition
• Chemicals added to road surfaces (salt)
• Water runoff from city streets contains oils,
  gas, etc.
• Agricultural chemicals and livestock feces
• Oil and gas from boats

6
Clean Up

• Clean up of point or nonpoint is very difficult.
  
• Nonpoint is the hardest of the two types to know
  where to stop the pollution from coming from.
• 96 of the polluted bodies in the US were
  contaminated by nonpoint pollution.

7
Pollutant Types and Sources
8
Wastewater

• Do you know where water goes after it flows down
  the drain in the sink?
• Wastewater

9
Treating Wastewater

• Waste Water Treatment Worksheet
• Most of the wastewater from homes contains
  biodegradable materials that can be broken down
  by living organisms.
• This does not work for towns and cities to much
  waste water.

10
Sewage Sludge

• Definition
• Sludge may contain hazardous chemicals that have
  to be disposed in a special way.
• Incinerated and buried in a contained landfill
• Very expensive
• Not all sludge is toxic and is mixed with clay to
  make bricks

11
Artificial Eutrophication

• Definition-
• Most organic matter comes naturally through the
  break down of leaves and animal waste.
• Nutrients are essential to a balanced ecosystem
  but overabundance is a bad situation.

12

• Fertilizers from farms, lawns, and gardens are
  the largest source of nutrients that cause
  artificial eutrophication.
• Phosphate in laundry detergents and dishwasher
  detergents are a contributing factor and have be
  taken out of many brands.
• Algal Bloom -

13
(No Transcript)
14
Thermal Pollution

• Definition
• Mostly from industries and their waste water.
• It can only be a few degree increase and thermal
  pollution to happen.

15
Groundwater Pollution

• Can infiltrate through the ground to pollute the
  water.
• Pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, and
  petroleum products are common groundwater
  pollutants.
• Leakage of an underground tank is also a large
  contributor of groundwater contamination.

16
Cleaning Up Groundwater Pollution

• Groundwater pollution is one of the most
  challenging environmental problems that the world
  faces.
• The ground is a natural filter but it can only
  filter so fast and so much pollution.

17
Ocean Pollution

• Ocean pollution is allowed to a certain point.
  Ship scan legally dump wastewater and garbage
  overboard in some parts of the ocean.
• 85 of ocean pollution comes from land from
  runoff. Most of the activities that pollute the
  oceans occur neat the coast.

18
EcoFact

• In one year, ships dump almost 7 billion kg of
  trash in the ocean. About 75 of of ship waste
  comes from cruise ships. According to most
  international law, cruise ships are allowed to
  dump non-plastic waste including untreated
  sewage, into the ocean.

19
Oil Spills

• P.291 Fig 21
• Oil spills have a dramatic effect, but they are
  responsible for only about 5 of oil pollution in
  the oceans.
• Most of the oil that pollutes the ocean comes
  from towns and cities. 200-300 million gallons
  of oil enter the ocean from nonpoint sources each
  year.
• Thats 10 times the amount from oil spilled by
  tankers.

20
(No Transcript)
21
Water Pollution and Ecosystems

• Many pollutants accumulate in the environment
  because they do not decompose quickly.
• Biomagnification (or bioaccumulation)-
• Biomagnification is one reason why many US states
  limit the amount of fish people eat from certain
  bodies of water.

22
(No Transcript)
23
Cleaning Up Water Pollution

• 1972 Clean Water Act (CWA) set a goal that all
  natural surface water fit for fishing and
  swimming by 1983 and banned pollutant discharge
  into surface water.
• 1972 Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries
  Act EPA could control dumping of sewage wastes
  and toxic chemicals in US waters

24

• 1975 Safe Drinking Water Act Protect
  groundwater and surface water from pollution.
• 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response
  Compensation and Liability Act makes owners,
  operators, and customers of hazardous waste site
  responsible for cleanup of the site.
• 1987 Water Quality Act established loan funds
  to pay for new wastewater treatment plants and
  created program to protect estuaries.
• 1990 Oil Pollution Act attempts to protect US
  waterways from oil pollution by requiring that
  oil tankers in US water be double hauled by 2015.