Sentenced! Part 1

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Sentenced! Part 1

• On the Chain Gang --
• Chaining Words Together to Create Correct
  Sentences

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Verbs

• The core or nucleus
• of every sentence is a verb.

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Verbs

• That means it is the most important part, and you
  cannot have a sentence without at least one verb
  that is doing the job of a verb.

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The Jobs of Verbs

• Add information about people, places, things,
  events, and so forth.
• 2. Indicate the time of the message. (Tense)

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Note about Verbs

• A verb can be either a single word or a set of
  words.
• Many birds live near brooks.
• That homing pigeon has flown back to Utah from
  Mexico.

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Verbs Add Information

• _____has been lying (in the street)(for three
  weeks).
• _____ received all As.
• ______ ate eight Big Macs and three orders (of
  fries).
• Who or what?

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Verbs Show Time

• _____ is a secret agent.
• _____ was a secret agent.
• ______ will be a secret agent.
• _______ has been a secret agent.
• Who or what?
• Subject

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Verbs Show Time

• _____ runs six miles a day.
• _____ ran six miles a day.
• _____ will run six miles a day.
• _____ has run six miles a day.
• Who or what?
• Subject

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The Subject

• the wording (usually coming before the verb) that
  a verb adds information about

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The Subject

• The Job of the subject is to occupy the
  territory (usually) before the verb and answer
  (or ask) who or what.
• Who? What?

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Nouns and Their Replacers

• The importance of the jobs of nouns is second
  only to the importance of the jobs of verbs.

Higher Pay for Nouns!
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Nouns and Their Replacers

• The Test for Finding Nouns Say THE before each
  word (outside the sentence). If it fits, and
  if the words meaning does not change, the word
  is a noun.
• This wont work for
• Proper nouns
• -- look for the
• capital letters.

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Nouns and Their Replacers

• Practice the Test for Finding Nouns
• The dog jumped over the orange cow.
• (Remember that the word shouldnt change meaning
  when the, a, an is placed in front of it.)
• Louie gently coaxed the pig
• into its pen.

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Noun Jobs

• As subject (usually before the verb)
• As an object of a verb
• Sunshine has warmth.
• As an object of a preposition
• Shaylene came with friends.

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Noun Replacers

• Pronouns -- Personal
• you he she it we they
• 2. Others --
• his yours theirs
• someone nothing anybody everything
  many few another both either some
  etc.
• that those this these

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Sentenced! Part 2

• On the Chain Gang --
• Chaining Words Together to Create Correct
  Sentences

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Reminder

• The core or nucleus
• of every sentence is a verb which adds
  information and indicates time.

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A Synonym

• A verb may also be
• called a
• predicate.

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Reminder

• The Job of the subject is to occupy the
  territory (usually) before the verb and answer
  (or ask) who or what.
• Who? What?

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Sentence

• a subject (shown or implied)
• a verb (that is adding information about the
  subject)
• complete thought

• A sentence is a group of words that expresses a
  complete thought.
• It will begin with a capital letter and and end
  with a punctuation mark.

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Examples of Sentences

• Dinner was good.
• Can you go to the mall with me?
• Get me some popcorn.
• What a great game that was!

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About Clauses

• No, not that kind of Claus!

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About Clauses

• A clause is a group of words that has a subject
  and a verb (predicate).

Subject Verb Clause
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Changing the Topic?

• Are you independent or
• dependent?

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Independent or Dependent?

• In other words, can you stand on your own in
  life?

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An Independent Person

• An independent person can stand on his or her own
  -- lift his or her own weight.

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An Independent Clause

• An independent clause can stand on its own.

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About Clauses

• A clause is a group of words that has a subject
  and a verb (predicate).

Subject Verb Clause
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A Dependent Person

• A dependent person needs help or care or basics
  provided for him or her.

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A Dependent Clause

• A dependent clause needs an independent clause
  joined to it.
• A dependent clause can not stand on its own.

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About Clauses

• A clause is a group of words that has a subject
  and a verb (predicate).

Subject Verb Clause
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A Dependent Clause

• A dependent clause has a subject and a verb
  (predicate), but does not express a complete
  thought.

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A Dependent Clause

• Examples
• -- that you will succeed
• -- before she went to the mall
• -- where I have laid my watch down

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What makes a Clause Dependent?

• A word is added to the front of the clause.
• -- before she went to the mall
• -- where I have laid my watch down

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Complex Sentence

• When you combine a dependent clause with an
  independent clause, you have a complex sentence.

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Complex Sentence

• If the dependent clause comes first, use a comma
  ( , ) to separate it from the rest of the
  sentence.

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Dependent or Independent?

• Where the candy was.
• We never gave the other team a chance.
• Because I won the contest.
• Will you help me clean up my room?

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Sentenced! Part 3

• On the Chain Gang --
• Chaining Words Together to Create Correct
  Sentences

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Why Worry About Sentences?

• Why should we worry about using complete, correct
  sentences in our writing?

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Why Worry About Sentences?

• What reasons can you think of?
• Who would like to be a scribe?

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Why Worry About Sentences?
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Why Worry About Sentences?

• To make sense B1
• Use them every day
• Organization
• The way we talk
• The way we write
• Not confused

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Why Worry About Sentences?

• Used every day B2
• Get into college
• Dont Act like gangsters
• Dont sound stupid
• So we can communicate with people
• So Ms. Dorsey wont get mad
• Know what were trying to say

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Why Worry About Sentences?

• It makes sense
• To not be a hick
• To get a good grade
• To get a job

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Why Worry About Sentences?

• A1
• So people can understand us.
• So you can get a good grade.
• So we can sound educated.

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Why Worry About Sentences?

• A2
• So people will understand
• We dont want to talk like Tarzan.
• Get a good education
• Can speak with a variety of people

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Why Worry About Sentences?
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Non-Sentences

• To the left you see a non-human.
• Below you see some non-sentences
• green alien
• although he seems friendly and cute
• that humans look strange

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Phrases

• One possible type of non-sentences are PHRASES.
  These are groups of words that do not contain
  both a subject and a verb.

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Phrases

• One popular phrase is
• Merry Christmas!

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Phrases

• Here are some
• other phrases
• red glass ornaments
• has been hanging
• on the artificial tree
• the tall teenage boy
• without a ladder

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Just for Fun

• Can you answer this question?
• What do a cat on a beach and Christmas have in
  common?

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Just For Fun

• The answer is this
• They both have
• Sandy Claus/claws!

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Back to Work on the Chain Gang!

• Can you explain what a clause is?
• No, not Claus, but clause.

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Back to Work on the Chain Gang!

• Reminder When is a clause not a sentence --
• a non-sentence?

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Back to Work on the Chain Gang!

• Reminder What is a phrase?

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Three Major Types of Non-Sentences

• a fragment
• a run-on
• a comma-splice

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Fragments

• A sentence fragment is a piece of a sentence. It
  cannot stand on its own and make sense.

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Fragments

• Examples
• Went to the theme park yesterday
• We on the biggest roller coaster
• My whole family
• Because I wanted cotton candy
• __________
• A sentence fragment can be a phrase or a clause
  (or a single word).

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Run-Ons

• A run-on sentence contains two complete thoughts
  that are not joined properly.

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Run-Ons

• Examples
• It is cold out I dont want to wear my heavy
  coat.
• Becca will pick me up well go ice skating.
• ___________
• A run-on will be made up of two (or more)
  independent clauses.

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Comma Splices

• A comma-splice is made up of two sentences joined
  by a comma.
• It also is a non-sentence!

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Comma Splices

• Examples
• Our team practiced every afternoon, we practiced
  for an hour.
• The coach gave the team a pep talk, they played
  better after that.
• -------
• A comma-splice will be made up of two (or more)
  independent clauses.

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Sentenced! Part 4

• On the Chain Gang --
• Chaining Words Together to Create Correct
  Sentences

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Back to Basics

• A sentence must have a verb.
• A sentence also needs a subject, but that may be
  shown or implied.
• (Put the yarn down, and step away from the mouse
  with your paws up.)

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Back to Basics

• Sentences are made up of
• individual words,
• phrases,
• and clauses.
• Of course, a sentence will also start with a
  capital letter and end with an end punctuation
  mark.

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Back to Basics

• A phrase is a sentence part made up of more than
  one word.
• A clause is a sentence part that has both a
  subject and a verb.

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Back to Basics

• An independent clause has both a subject and a
  verb, and can stand on its own as a complete
  sentence.
• A dependent clause has both a subject and a verb,
  but cannot stand on its own, usually because
  something has been added to it.

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Dependent or Independent?

1. I was surprised.
2. Since she was late.
3. That Ms. Dorsey gave a quiz today.
4. But the snack bar is closed.
5. Sierra rushed to class.
6. Tyler is hungry.

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Dependent or Independent?

1. I was surprised that Ms. Dorsey gave a quiz
   today.
2. Since she was late, Sierra rushed to class.
3. Tyler is hungry, but the snack bar is closed.

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Three Major Types of Non-Sentences

• a fragment
• a run-on
• a comma-splice
• These are crimes against grammar!

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Crimes Against Grammar!

• A fragment is a set of words that does not
  present a complete thought.

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Crimes Against Grammar!

• A run-on is two complete sentences (two
  independent clauses) that have been shoved
  together without being properly joined.

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Crimes Against Grammar!

• A comma-splice is two complete sentences (two
  independent clauses) that have been shoved
  together with just a comma inbetween.

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Crimes Against Grammar!

• These are actually criminals that can be
  reformed! There are ways to fix fragments,
  run-ons, and comma-splices!

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Legal Ways to Create Sentences

• Simple Sentence
• Compound Sentence
• Complex Sentence
• Remember?

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Legal Ways to Create Sentences

1. Simple Sentence noun verb

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Legal Ways to Create Sentences

• Simple Sentence noun verb
• Example
• Mr. Christensen is leaving.
• Make up another example.

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Legal Ways to Create Sentences

• 2. Compound Sentence
• Two independent clauses (complete sentences) are
  joined together with appropriate conjunctions and
  punctuation.

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Legal Ways to Create Sentences

• 2. Compound Sentence
• Mr. Christensen is leaving, and the students are
  sad.
• Make up another compound sentence.

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Legal Ways to Create Sentences

• 2. Complex Sentence
• A dependent clause and an independent clause are
  joined together with appropriate conjunctions and
  punctuation.

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Legal Ways to Create Sentences

• 2. Complex Sentence
• Example
• After Mr. Christensen
• leaves, school wont be as fun. (or)
• School wont be as fun after Mr. Christensen
  leaves.

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Legal Ways to Create Sentences

• 2. Complex Sentence
• Example
• Create your own example, and write it first with
  the dependent clause first, and then with the
  dependent clause last.

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Legal Ways to Create Sentences

• 2. Complex/
• Compound Sentence
• Dependent Clause two independent clauses, or .
  . .

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Legal Ways to Create Sentences

• Example Since Mr. Christensen was such a great
  student teacher, the students got better grades,
  and Ms. Dorsey wasnt as stressed as usual.

Complex/ Compound Sentence
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Legal Ways to Create Sentences

• Create your own example of a compound/
• complex sentence.

Complex/ Compound Sentence