PROJECT

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PROJECT

• Polio- By Caroline Muraguri Faith Efada

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WHAT IS POLIO?

• Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infection.
• It involves the gastrointestinal tract and
  the nervous system.

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HOW IS IT TRANSMITTED?

• It is transmitted through oral-faecal and
  oral transmission.
• The virus lives in the mouth and the
  intestinal tract.
• It enters through the mouth if the hands
  are contaminated by stool of an infected
  person.
• Utensils used for eating can also help
  spread the virus.

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Symptoms appear in 7-14 days after exposure
  to the virus.
• A few days before and after the symptoms
  start are the most contagious.
• Many people who are infected show no
  symptoms.
• Others have only few such as headaches,
  tiredness, fever, stiff neck, back and muscle
  pain.

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S S CONT.

• Serious health problems occur when the
  nervous system is affected.
• The muscles affected are those used for
  swallowing and breathing.
• Paralysis of the arms and the legs or
  trunk result when the nerves in the spinal
  cord are affected.

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WHERE IS IT MOST COMMONLY FOUND?

• Most of the cases today are reported from
  Asia and Africa.

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DIAGNOSIS

• Polio is diagnosed through a blood test
  and a culture.

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COMPLICATIONS

• Paralysis mostly of the legs.
• Paralysis of the muscles controlling
  swallowing and breathing.
• Oral vaccine can cause paralysis but it is
  rare.

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EXTENSIVE PARALYSES
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CONTINED.

• Children who suffer from extensive paralysis
• usually end up dying before reaching adult
  hood.
• Moderately severe paralysis- weakness of the
  limbs but eventually are able to move about with
  a little assistance.
• Type 1-severe disability-Might have a chance to
  walk.

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Cont.

• Type 2 severe disability- will need a great deal
  of assistance.
• Type 3 severe disability- the damage is too
  extensive and there is no hope of ever walking
  again.

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APPLIANCES.

• Elbow crutches, wheel chairs, walking frames and
  bed modifications.

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TREATMENT

• Polio has no treatment.

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THE IRON LUNG.

• Used in the 1940s and 50s during the epidemic in
  U.S. and Europe.
• Those whose respiratory muscles were affected
  were held immobile by iron lungs.
• These were cylindrical metals that regulated
  their breathing.
• Positive pressure ventilators are used today.

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DIAGRAMS.

• IRON LUNGS.

• POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATOR.

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PREVENTION

• Polio can be prevented through vaccinations.
  
• Two types Oral polio vaccine inactivated
  polio vaccine.
• OPV- is made with a live but weakened
  virus.
• IPV- is given by injection- not as effective
  as OPV.

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VACCINES AND ALLERGIES.

• IPV-can cause redness and pain though nothing
  serious has been reported.
• Should not be administered to a person who had
  severe anaphylactic reaction to previous dose, or
  to streptomycin.

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VACCINES AND PREGNANCY.

• No known adverse effects but vaccination should
  be avoided unless absolutely necessary.

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HISTORY OF POLIOMYELITIS

• Said to have first occurred 6000 years
  ago. Evidence from withered and deformed
  limbs of mummies.

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WORKS CITED

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_lung
• http//www.astdhpphe.org/infect/polio.html
• http//www.polioeradication.org/disease.asp
• http//www.worldortho.com/database/polio/
• Poliomyelitis-A guide for developing
  countries-including appliances and rehabilitation
  for the disabled.