Spanish North America

1
Spanish North America

• Ch. 1
• Section 2

2
The Goal

• Columbus hoped to find a route to Asia by sailing
  west across the Atlantic
• Read A Personal Voice on p. 14
• What is the other motive?

3
Columbus

• October 1492
• Columbus reached what he thought were the Indies
• A series of islands off the coast of Asia
• He referred to the people as, los indios
  (Indians)
• He actually reached islands in the Caribbean
• Cuba and Hispaniola

4
Columbus

• Thrilled with his discoveries, the Spanish
  monarchs funded 3 more voyages
• New goal colonize the new lands
• Europeans had already colonized other lands, so
  they knew the ropes

5
Columbus

• Spains Plan
• Profit from a plantation system
• Using natives as forced labor
• Use innovative European weaponry to dominate the
  native peoples

6
Impact on Native Americans

• Devastated by the arrival of the Europeans
• No immunity to diseases measles, mumps,
  chickenpox, smallpox, typhus
• Killed by the thousands

7
Impact on Africans

• As Native Americans were killed by disease, new
  work force was needed
• Beginning of the Atlantic slave trade
• Devastated many West African societies
• By the 1800s, more than 10 million Africans were
  taken as slaves

8
Impact on Europeans

• Europeans migrated to the new land by the
  thousands
• Searched for a new life
• National rivalries were created in Europe
• Treaty of Tordesillas
• Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the Western
  Hemisphere between them

9
Trade

• Columbian Exchange
• Global transfer of goods that continues today
• See p. 15
• Many new Spanish explorers made voyages to the
  Americas in search of gold and silver
• These conquistadors conquered much of the Americas

10
Hernando Cortes

• Landed in Mexico in 1519
• Learned of the wealthy Aztec Empire
• Montezuma
• Aztec Emperor, believed Cortes was a god
• Agreed to give a portion of the gold to the
  Spaniards
• Cortes forced the Aztec to mine for more gold and
  silver
• The Aztec rebelled
• Cortes and his men stoned Motezuma before being
  repelled by the Aztec

11
Hernando Cortes

• Cortes returned to Tenochtitlan with native
  allies
• Aztecs were weakened by diseases
• Spaniards burned the city after several months of
  fighting

12
Spanish Conquest

• Lived among the natives
• Hoped to impose their culture on them
• Intermarried with native women, formed a mestizo
  population
• Mixed Spanish and Native American
• Forced them into labor
• Encomienda system
• Natives worked the land and mined for Spanish
  landlords

13
Against Encomiendas

• Not all Europeans agreed with the harsh treatment
  of the natives
• Read Personal Voice p. 18
• In 1542, Spanish monarchy abolished the
  Encomienda system
• However, it was still practiced long after this
• Began using enslaved Africans to meet their labor
  needs

14
Spains Golden Age

• After the conquest of the wealthy Inca Empire in
  South America, Spain had gained a vast empire

15
Missions

• Missions were set up to convert the natives to
  Christianity
• Spread throughout the empire, especially in
  Mexico and the Southwest
• Many still stand today and are used
• See the typical mission on p. 19

16
Negative Effects of the Missions

• Separated from families and culture
• If you converted to Christianity, you were
  required to live inside the mission
• Those who tried to leave were punished
• Gave up self-government
• Adopted European culture
• Dress, food, etc.
• Forced labor and abused
• Not allowed to practice their own religion

17
Resistance

• Pueblo religious leader, Pope
• Led an organized uprising against the Spanish in
  1680
• Destroyed Catholic churches, killed settlers and
  priests
• Regained control for 12 years until the Spanish
  recaptured the area
• In 1588, England defeated the Spanish Armada
  (naval fleet)
• No longer did Spain dominate the Atlantic
• England began to colonize North America

18
In-class Activity/HW

• Primary Source ? In-Depth Resources
• The Journal of Christopher Columbus

19
Video Clip

• The Explorers Columbus
• 20 min.