Earth

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Earths Interior

• Earth Science
• PowerPoint
• By Mr. Whitmyer

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Exploring Inside Earth

• Scientists can not get a clear picture of the
  center of the earth due to the extreme
  conditions, both heat and pressure, below the
  crust of the earth.

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Exploring Inside Earth

• Geologists have used two main types of evidence
  to learn about the earths interior Direct
  evidence from rock samples and indirect evidence
  from seismic waves

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Exploring Inside Earth

• Scientists have drilled as much as 12km into the
  earths crust. This is about 5 miles. This
  allows samples of rocks from deep in the earth to
  be studied

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Exploring Inside Earth

• Seismic waves
• Vibrations that travel through the earth released
  during earthquakes
• We use the speed and the path of the seismic waves

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A Journey to the Center of the Earth

• The three main layers of the earth are the crust,
  the mantle and the core These areas are different
  in the areas of
• Size
• Composition
• Pressure

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A Journey to the Center of the Earth

• Temperature Change
• The temperature gets warmer the further you go
  into the earth
• This is a result of the formation of earth and
  radioactivity

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A Journey to the Center of the Earth

• Pressure
• Results form a force pressing on an area
• The deeper you go the higher the pressure gets
  much like a swimming pool

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The Crust

• Crust
• The layer of rock that forms earths outer skin
• Includes
• Rocks Soil
• Mountains Water

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The Crust

• The crust is thickest under high mountains and
  thinnest under the oceans
• The crust is typically 5 to 40 km thick but can
  be up to 70 km thick under mountains

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The Crust

• The oceanic crust is mostly Basalt which is a
  dark igneous rock with a fine texture

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The Crust

• Continental crust is mostly granite which is
  light colored and has a coarse texture

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The Mantle

• Mantle
• A layer of solid material made of very hot rock

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The Mantle

• Earths mantle is made up of rock that is very hot
  but solid. Scientists divide the mantle into
  layers based on characteristics of those layers.
  The mantle is about 3000 km thick.

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The mantle

• Lithosphere
• The upper most part of the mantle and the crust
  together

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The Mantle

• Asthenosphere
• This layer is soft like road tar and can bend
  like plastic but is still a solid.
• Asthenes Means Weak

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The Mantle

• The lower Mantle
• A solid layer that extends to the earths core

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The Core

• The core is made mostly of the metals Iron and
  nickel. It consists of two parts a liquid outer
  core and a solid inner core

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The Core

• Outer Core
• A layer of molten metal that surrounds the inner
  core. It is liquid even though it is under great
  pressure. It is mostly made of Iron and Nickel.
  

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The Core

• Inner Core
• A dense ball of solid metal, mostly Iron and
  nickel. It is solid due to extreme pressure
  pushing the metal atoms together. Extremely dense

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