Ecology

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Ecology Abiotic Factors
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Ecosystems
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors

• Consist of living things, called organisms, and
  the physical place they live

• Examples coral reefs, woodlands, ponds

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Abiotic Factors
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors

• Nonliving parts of an ecosystem

• Examples soil, water, light energy from the Sun

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Abiotic Factors (cont.)
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors

• Sun Most important abiotic factor for life on
  Earth
• Temperature Influenced by sun. Affects plant
  growth.
• Climate The pattern of weather that occurs in an
  area over many years. Also influenced by sun.

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Abiotic Factors (cont.)
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors

• Water Recycled through water cycle.
• Soil Contains different minerals that affect its
  chemistry.
• Air Determines the organisms that will live in a
  particular ecosystem. Some organisms, like
  humans, take oxygen from the air and release
  carbon dioxide while plants, do the opposite.
  (Page 516)

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Biotic Factors
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Biotic Factors
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors

• Living parts of an ecosystem
• A close relationship between 2 organisms is
  called symbiosis.

• A species is a group of organisms that share
  similar characteristics and can reproduce among
  themselves producing fertile offspring.

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Population
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors

• Number of individuals of one species that occupy
  the same area

• Community all the populations of species that
  occupy an area (Page 523)

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Limiting Factors
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Limiting Factors
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors

• An environmental factor that limits how large a
  population can grow

• Populations expand until the biotic or abiotic
  factors become limiting.

• The largest population that an environment can
  support is called the carrying capacity.

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Food
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors

• Needed for energy

• The more plants, the more organisms an ecosystem
  can support
• Temperature, type of soil, and amount of sunlight
  and water affect plant growth.

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Water
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors

• All living things need water.

• An adaptation is any physical or behavioral
  characteristic that allows an organism to be
  better suited to the environment.

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Shelter and Space
12.1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors

• Need shelter for protection from both abiotic and
  biotic factors

• Need space in which to live and grow (page 524)

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Biomes
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Biome
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems

• A zone of major ecological communities on Earth

• Six of types on Earth

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Biome
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems

• Tundra Near north and south poles. Ground may
  stay frozen all year. Limited vegetation.
• Taiga Largest biome on Earth. Cold, forest
  region. Dominated by evergreen trees.
• Rain Forest Abundant rainfall. Lush, green
  plants. Tropical rain forests are near the
  equator, Temperate rainforests are found near
  coasts.

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Biomes in California
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems

• Deciduous Forest Have 4 distinct seasons.
  Trees lose their leaves. Abundant rain.
• Desert Very little rainfall. Can be hot or
  cold. Life is adapted to conserve water.
• Grasslands Have a dry season that prevents a
  forest from growing. Fires and droughts common.
  Also called savannahs and prairies. (page 532)

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Biome (cont.)
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems
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Habitats
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Habitat
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems

• Place an organism lives

• Each species has its own niche, or role, in the
  environmenthow it obtains food and shelter,
  cares for its young, and avoids danger.
• Different species fill similar niches in
  different ecosystems.

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Habitat (page 536.)
12.2 Organisms and Ecosystems
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