Articulations

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Articulations
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Articulations- points where two or more bones
come together to form a joint maybe rigid or
movable

• Classified by Structure or Function
• Structure- based on material that joins bones
  together
• Fibrous fibrous connective tissue
• Cartilagenous hyaline or
  fibrocartilage
• Synovial joint cavity with synovial
  membrane

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Synovial Joint
Capsule is continuous with periosteum
Membrane is 2 layers Has blood vessels nerves
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Synovial Fluid

• Continuously made, circulated at any time there
  is 3 ml 0.1 oz in cavity
• Resembles interstitial fluid, but contains
  proteoglycans secreted by fibroblasts ? making it
  thick / viscous
• Functions lubricate joint
• distribute nutrients and remove waste
  products
• shock absorber
• defense

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Accessories of Synovial Joint

• Cartilage fibrocartilage articular discs or
  meniscus
• Fat articular fat pads
• Ligaments attach bone to bone
• Tendons attach muscle to bone
• Bursae synovial fluid filled pockets mini
  shock absorbers

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• Function based on degree of movement
• Synarthroses immovable
• Amphiarthroses slightly movable
• Diarthroses freely moveable

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Fibrous Articulations

• Bones are held tightly connected by fibrous
  connective tissue or cartilage. Joints are rigid
  and immoveable.
• Sutures found only in skull. Bones joined by
  fibrous connective tissue
• Syndesmosis band of fibrous connective tissue,
  holds bones tightly together
• distal end of tibia/fibula
• Gomphosis peg in socket
• tooth in alveoli- periodontal ligament

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Syndesmosis
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Cartilagenous Articulations
Hyaline or fibrous cartilage joins bones limited
motion in response to twisting, compression,
stress Synchondrosis hyaline cartilage joins
bones. epiphyseal plate, costal
cartilages Symphysis pad of fibrocartilage
separates bones. intervertebral discs, symphysis
pubis
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Synchondrosis
Symphysis
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Synovial Articulations

• Freely moveable joints. Include a capsule lined
  with a membrane and contains fluid
• Range of movement limited by
• Structure of bones
• Strength and tautness of ligaments, tendons,
  joint capsule
• Size, arrangement, action of muscles

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Types of Synovial Articulations

• Hinge concave surface on one articulates with
  convex surface of another.
• Pivot conical surface on one articulates with
  depression on another
• Condyloid oval condyle on one articulates with
  elliptical cavity on another

• Gliding- flattened or slightly curved
  articulating surfaces
• Saddle concave and convex surface on each
  articulating bone
• Ball and Socket rounded surface on one
  articulates with cuplike socket on another

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Pivot
saddle
Ball Socket
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Condyloid
Gliding
Hinge
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• Bursa fluid filled sacs near diarthrotic joints
  between muscles, skin and bones or tendon and
  bone.
• Reduce friction and stress associated with
  movement
• Tendon Sheaths modified bursae that surround
  and lubricate tendons of certain muscles, esp.
  those that cross wrist and ankle

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