Title: The Chemistry of Acids and Bases
1The Chemistry of Acids and Bases
2Acids and Bases CharacteristicsAt the
conclusion of our time together, you should be
able to
- Give examples of acids and bases
- List some properties of acids and bases
- Compare and contrast the characteristics of
acids and bases
3Hopefully, when we get done, you wont be in this
much trouble!!
4Acid and Bases
5Acid and Bases
6Acid and Bases
7Acids
Have a sour taste. Ex. Vinegar is a solution of
acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid.
React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas.
React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce
carbon dioxide gas
Bases
Have a bitter taste.
Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases.
8Kids Letters to God
9Some Properties of Acids
- Produce H (as H3O) ions in water (the
hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a
water molecule) - Taste sour, Corrode metals, Electrolytes
- React with bases to form a salt and water
- pH is less than 7, Turns blue litmus paper to red
Blue to Red A-CID
10Some Properties of Bases
- Produce OH- ions in water
- Taste bitter, chalky, are electrolytes
- Feel soapy, slippery
- React with acids to form salts and water
- pH greater than 7
- Turns red litmus paper to blue Basic Blue
11How Are a Texas Tornado And a Tennessee Divorce
The Same?
- Somebody's Gonna Lose A Trailer.
12Acids and Bases CharacteristicsLets see if
you can
- Give examples of acids and bases
- List some properties of acids and bases
- Compare and contrast the characteristics of
acids and bases
13Get Your Clicker!!!
14Which of the following is not a characteristic of
an acid?
- Tastes sour
- pH is lower than 7
- Reacts with a base to form salt and water
- Turns litmus paper blue
- Produces H ions in water
- All answers are correct
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15Which of the following is not a characteristic of
a base?
- Tastes bitter
- pH is higher than 7
- Reacts with an acid to form salt and water
- Turns litmus paper blue
- Produces OH- ions in water
- All answers are correct
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17The Chemistry of Acids and Bases
18Acids and Bases NamingAt the conclusion of our
time together, you should be able to
- Name any acid or base
- Determine if the acid is binary or ternary
(oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system
19Naming Acids
- Binary Acids
- Contain H and one other element
- To Name
- Hydro second element name ic acid
- Ex HCl Hydro chlorine ine ic acid
- Hydrochloric acid
- HF
- Hydrofluoric acid
20Stem or root of nonmetal
Prefix
Suffix
Hydro-
lt NM gt
-ic
acid
HCl is a binary acid hydrogen - nonmetal
HCl
chlor
Hydro
ic
acid
Hydro
iod
ic
acid
HI
Hydro
sulfur
ic
acid
H2S
21Naming Acids (cont.)
- Ternary Acids (oxyacids)
- Contain H, O and one more element
- To Name
- Polyatomic ion ate ? ic acid
- Ex HNO3 Nitr-ate ? ic acid
- Nitric acid
- HClO3
- Chloric acid
- An easy way to remember which goes with which
- In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky
22Naming Acids (cont.)
- If the acid has one more oxygen than the root
acid, the naming goes as follows - To Name
- Per Polyatomic ion ate ? ic acid
- Ex HNO4 Per Nitr-ate ? ic acid
- Pernitric acid
- H2SO5
- Persulfuric acid
23Naming Acids (cont.)
- If the acid has one less oxygen than the root
acid, the naming goes as follows - To Name
- Polyatomic ion ite ? ous acid
- Ex HNO2 Nitr-ite ? ous acid
- Nitrous acid
- H2SO3
- Sulfurous acid
24Naming Acids (cont.)
- If the acid has two less oxygens than the root
acid, the naming goes as follows - To Name
- Hypo Polyatomic ion ite ? ous acid
- Ex HNO Hypo nitr-ite ? ous acid
- Hyponitrous acid
- HClO
- Hypochlorous acid
25Acid Nomenclature Review
No Oxygen?
w/Oxygen
In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky
26Acid Nomenclature Flowchart
27Summary of Naming Ternary Acids
28Acid Nomenclature Review
? hydrobromic acid
? carbonic acid
? sulfurous acid
29Name Em!
- HI (aq)
- HCl (aq)
- H2SO3
- HNO3
- HClO4
Hydroiodic acid Hydrochloric acid Sulfurous
acid Nitric acid Perchloric acid
30Practicing Naming All Acids
Formula Binary or Ternary Name
HCl B
HI B
HNO2 T
H2SO5 T
H3PO2 T
H4C B
Hydrochloric acid
Hydroiodic acid
Nitrous acid
Persulfuric acid
Hypophosphorous acid
Hydrocarbonic acid
31Chemical Compound Quiz
Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and
bright. What is the common name? Bleach
32Naming Bases
- Name the metal first
- Add hydroxide
- Ex NaOH Sodium hydroxide
- KOH
- Potassium hydroxide
33Some Common Bases
- NaOH sodium hydroxide, lye
- KOH potassium hydroxide, liquid soap
- Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide, stabilizer for
plastics - Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide MOM
- Milk of magnesia
- Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)
34Tell you what, Ill follow you!!
35Practice Naming Bases
Formula Name
NaOH
Fe(OH)3
Mg(OH)2
Ni(OH)2
NH4OH
Sodium hydroxide
Iron (III) hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Nickel (II) hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide
36Acids and Bases NamingLets see if you can
- Name any acid or base
- Determine if the acid is binary or ternary
(oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system
37Get Your Clicker!!!
38Name HCl.
- Hydrogen chloride
- Hydrochloric acid
- Chloric acid
- Perchloric acid
- Chlorous acid
- Hypochlorus acid
- I have no idea!!
- Who cares??
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39Name HClO.
- Hydrogen chloride
- Hydrochloric acid
- Chloric acid
- Perchloric acid
- Chlorous acid
- Hypochlorus acid
- I have no idea!!
- Who cares??
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40Name HClO3.
- Hydrogen chloride
- Hydrochloric acid
- Chloric acid
- Perchloric acid
- Chlorous acid
- Hypochlorus acid
- I have no idea!!
- Who cares??
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41Forgetter Be Forgotten?My forgetter's getting
better,But my rememberer is brokeTo you that
may seem funnyBut, to me, that is no joke.For
when I'm 'here' I'm wonderingIf I really should
be 'there'And, when I try to think it through,I
haven't got a prayer!
42Forgetter Be Forgotten?Oft times I walk into a
room,Say 'what am I here for?'I wrack my brain,
but all in vain!A zero, is my score.At times I
put something awayWhere it is safe, but,
Gee!The person it is safest fromIs, generally,
me!
43Forgetter Be Forgotten?When shopping I may see
someone,Say 'Hi' and have a chat,Then, when the
person walks awayI ask myself, 'who the hell was
that?Yes, my forgetter's getting betterWhile
my rememberer is broke,And it's driving me plumb
crazyAnd that isn't any joke.
44Name HClO4.
- Hydrogen chloride
- Hydrochloric acid
- Chloric acid
- Perchloric acid
- Chlorous acid
- Hypochlorus acid
- I have no idea!!
- Who cares??
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45Name HClO2.
- Hydrogen chloride
- Hydrochloric acid
- Chloric acid
- Perchloric acid
- Chlorous acid
- Hypochlorous acid
- I have no idea!!
- Who cares??
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46Name H2SO4
- Hydrogen Sulfate
- Hydrosulfuric acid
- Sulfuric acid
- Persulfuric acid
- Sulfurous acid
- Hyposulfurous acid
- I have no idea!!
- Who cares??
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47Name H3PO3
- Hydrogen phosphite
- Hydrophosphic acid
- Phosphoric acid
- Perphosphic acid
- Phosphorous acid
- Hypophosphorous acid
- I have no idea!!
- Who cares??
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48Name HNO.
- Hydrogen Nitrite
- Hydronitric acid
- Nitric acid
- Pernitric acid
- Nitrous acid
- Hyponitrous acid
- I have no idea!!
- Who cares??
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49Name Sr(OH)2
- Strontium (II) Hydroxide
- Strontium Oxygen Hydrogen
- Strontium Oxyhydride
- Strontium Hydroxide
- Strontinoic Acid
- Strontium Dihydroxide
- Not listed
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50Name Fe(OH)3
- Iron (III) Hydroxide
- Iron Hydroxide
- Ironic Acid
- Iron (I) Hydroxide
- Iron Oxyhydride
- Not listed
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51Red-Neck Innovations
52(No Transcript)