Ernest Hemingway

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Ernest Hemingway
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EARLY YEARS

• Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21,
  1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.
• Hemingways mother earned money giving voice and
  music lessons.
• His mother hoped that Ernest would develop an
  interest in music but instead, Hemingway adopted
  his fathers outdoorsman hobbies of hunting
  fishing and camping on the lakes of northern
  Michigan.

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Fishing, 1904
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EARLY YEARS

• The Hemingway family owned a house called
  Windemere on Michigans Walloon Lake and often
  spent summers vacationing there.
• Early outdoor experiences instilled in Hemingway
  a lifelong passion for adventure and for living
  in remote or isolated places.
• Hemingway attended Oak Park and River Forest Park
  High School from September 1913 until his
  graduation in June 1917.
• He excelled academically and athletically. He
  boxed, played football and displayed particular
  talent in English.
• His first writing experience came from his
  submissions to the school newspaper and the
  literary magazine.
• He did not attend college, instead he wrote for
  The Kansas City Star.
• Although he worked at the newspaper for only six
  months, throughout his lifetime he used the
  guidance of the Stars style guide as a
  foundation for his writing style. (short, direct
  sentences)

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World War I

• Against his fathers wishes he tried to join the
  Army to see action in World War I.
• He failed the medical exam later he joined the
  Red Cross as an ambulance driver.
• Soon after arriving on the Italian front,
  Hemingway witnessed the brutalities of war.
• On his first day, an ammunition factory near
  Milan blew up. This first encounter with death
  left him shaken.

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World War I

• Hemingway was wounded delivering supplies. This
  ended his wartime career.
• He was hit by an Austrian trench mortar shell
  that left fragments in his leg.
• Later he was awarded the Silver Medal of Military
  Valor from the Italian government for dragging a
  wounded Italian soldier to safety in spite of his
  own injuries.

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World War I

• Hemingway worked in a Milan hospital run by the
  American Red Cross.
• Here, he met Sister Agnes von Kurowsky of
  Washington D.C.
• Although she was six years older than Hemingway,
  he fell madly in love with her however the
  relationship did not survive.
• Instead of following Hemingway back to the US,
  Agnes became romantically involved with an
  Italian officer.
• This experience left an indelible mark. Hemingway
  romanticized love and war in one of his earliest
  novels, A Farewell To Arms.

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World War I
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Early Works

• After the war, Hemingway returned to Oak Park,
  but did not stay long. Due in part to
  prohibition, Hemingway relocated to Toronto and
  began work as a staff writer for the Toronto
  Star.
• For a short time, Hemingway lived on the north
  side of Chicago working for a small newspaper.
• In 1921, Hemingway married his first wife, Hadley
  Richardson, and moved into an apartment on the
  north side of Chicago.

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Early Works

• The building still stands with a plaque on the
  front of it, calling it the Hemingway
  apartment.
• In 1921, Hemingway and Hadley left Chicago to
  live abroad.
• The couple settled in Paris.

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Early Works

• Hemingway was introduced to Gertrude Stein who
  served as his mentor and later introduced him to
  the Parisian Modern Movement
• This was the beginning of the American expatriate
  circle known as the Lost Generation.
• His other influential mentor was Ezra Pound, the
  founder of imagism.
• Hemingway later said, Ezra is right half the
  time, and when he was wrong, you were never in
  any doubt about it. Gertrude was always right.
• Hemingways first book, Three Stories and Ten
  Poems (1923), was published in Paris.
• Later the same year, Hemingways first son was
  born.

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Early Works

• Gertrude Stein

• Ezra Pound

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Early Works

• In a Station of the Metro
• The apparition of these faces in the crowd
• Petals on a wet, black bough.
• Ezra Pound

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Early Works

• Two weeks after the publication of The Great
  Gatsby, Hemingway met F. Scott Fitzgerald.
• At first, the two were very close. Often talking
  and drinking. The two even exchanged manuscripts
  and Fitzgerald did much to try to advance
  Hemingways career.
• Later they became more competitive.
• Fitzgeralds wife Zelda disliked Hemingway from
  the start. She often described him as bogus or
  a phony.

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Early Works

• Fitzgerald, 1937

• Zelda

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Early Works

• These relationships and long nights provided
  inspiration for Hemingways first successful
  novel, The Sun Also Rises (1926).
• The novel was semi-autobiographical, following a
  group of expatriate Americans as they traveled
  around Europe.
• The novel was a success and met with critical
  acclaim.
• No more than year later, Hemingway divorced
  Hadley and married Pauline Pfeiffer.
• That year saw the publication of Men Without
  Women a collection of short stories containing
  The Killers. One of Hemingways best-known and
  most anthologized stories.

• La Closerie des Lilas restaurant

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Early Works

• In 1928, Hemingway and Pauline moved to Key West
  to begin their life together.
• Later that same year, Hemingways father troubled
  with diabetes and financial instabilities,
  committed suicide.
• Hemingway was deeply moved by the death of his
  father.
• Hemingways next success was the heavy
  autobiographical success, A Farewell To Arms. The
  book details the romance between an American
  soldier and a British nurse.

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Key West

• Hemingway and Pauline settled in Key West where
  Hemingway fished the waters around the Dry
  Tortugas with his longtime friend Waldo Pierce,
  went to the famous bar Sloppy Joes, and
  occasionally traveled to Spain, gathering
  material for Death In The Afternoon and Winner
  Take Nothing.
• Over the next nine years, until the end of his
  second marriage in 1940, Hemingway would do an
  estimated 70 of his lifetimes writing in the
  writers den in the upper floor of the converted
  garage in Key West.

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Key West
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Key West
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Key West
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Key West
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Key West

• Key West, 1928

• Idaho, 1939

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Key West

• Death in the Afternoon, a book about
  bullfighting, was published in 1932 after
  Hemingway had become an aficionado after seeing
  the Pamplona fiesta of 1925.
• A safari in the fall of 1933 led him to Mombasa,
  Nairobi and Machakos in Kenya, moving on to
  Tanzania where he hunted in the Serengeti.
• 1935 saw the publication of Green Hills of
  Africa, an account of his safari.
• The Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Short Happy Life
  of Francis Macomber were fictionalized results of
  his African experiences.
• In 1937, Hemingway traveled to Spain in order to
  report on the Spanish Civil War for the North
  American Newspaper Alliance.

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Key West
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Key West
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Key West
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Key West
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Key West

• Hemingways active life began to take a toll on
  his physical condition.
• In 1938, Hemingway published the collection The
  Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories.
• This collection included some of his most
  recognizable short fiction such as Hills Like
  White Elephants, The Killers, Old Man at the
  Bridge, and A Clean Well-Lighted Place

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Key West

• For Whom The Bell Tolls was published in 1940.
• The book was written in Cuba and Key West. Later
  the same year, Hemingway divorced Pauline
  eventually losing his beloved Key West home. He
  then married Martha Gellhorn.
• The novel was based around an American in a
  foreign land. And again, the novel represented
  the casualties of war (Spanish Civil War).
• The title is taken from a paragraph from John
  Donnes Meditation XVII.

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Key West

• John Donne
• 1572-1631

• Therefore never send to know
• for whom the bells tolls it
• tolls for thee.

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World War II/Aftermath

• The U.S. entered World War II on December 8,
  1941, and for the first time, Hemingway sought to
  participate in naval warfare.
• Aboard the Pilar Hemingway searched the Atlantic
  for German U-boats off the coast of Cuba.
• Hemingway was sent to Europe as a war
  correspondent for Colliers Magazine.
• There, Hemingway observed the D-Day invasion from
  the water.
• Also, his new marriage was over after only four
  years.

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World War II/Aftermath
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World War II/Aftermath
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World War II/Aftermath
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World War II/Aftermath

• Hemingways first novel after the war was Across
  the River and into the Trees (1950).
• The novel is set in post-World War II Venice and
  depicts a romance between a war-weary Colonel and
  a young woman.
• Across the River and into the Trees (1950)
  received largely bad reviews many accused
  Hemingway of tastelessness and sentimentality.
• This was not shared by everyone.

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Later Years

• Hemingway married his fourth wife, Mary, a war
  correspondent he met overseas.
• After the war, Hemingway wrote about the sea. The
  first writings were published as The Old Man and
  the Sea in 1952.

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Later Years

• Some believe Hemingways inspiration from the
  Old Man was his longtime friend and
  fellow-fisherman Gregorio Fuentes.
• For almost thirty years, Fuentes served as the
  Captain of the Pilar.
• Fuentes died of cancer in 2002 at the age of 104.

• Gregorio Fuentes

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Later Years

• On a safari he was seriously injured in a plane
  crash. He sprained his right shoulder, arm and
  left leg, had a concussion, temporarily lost
  vision in his left eye and hearing in his left
  ear, suffered paralysis, a crushed vertebra,
  ruptured liver and kidney, and first degree burns
  on his face, arms and leg.
• Some American newspapers mistakenly published his
  obituary, thinking he had been killed.
• The pain was so great from this accident (as well
  as a separate brushfire incident) that Hemingway
  was unable to travel to Stockholm to accept his
  Nobel Prize.

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Later Years

• Hemingway never fully recovered from his
  injuries. He left his home in Cuba (as Communist
  tensions were rising) and moved to Ketchum,
  Idaho.
• He suffered from high blood pressure and liver
  problems.
• Hemingway was also receiving Electroconvulsive
  therapy (ETC) for depression and paranoia.
• The results of these treatments was alarming.
  Hemingway suffered significant memory loss.
• Three weeks short of his 62nd birthday, Hemingway
  took his own life.