Module 1 Overview

1
Module 1 Overview Context Conte
nt Area Descriptive Epidemiology
Surveillance Essential Question (General) How
are health-related states or events
distributed? Essential Question (Drug Abuse
Specific) How is drug abuse distributed? Enduring
Epidemiological Understanding The frequency
and distribution of health-related states or
events in a population can be determined by
systematically collecting, analyzing, and
interpreting data. Synopsis In Module 1,
students explore how to describe the distribution
of health-related states or events. Students
begin to uncover and develop the following
epidemiological concepts and skills observing
groups of people, counting, the value of a
denominator, a case definition, a representative
sample, and creating circumstances that encourage
truthful responses and protect confidentiality.
Lesson 1-1 Counting and Rates Lesson 1-2
Introduction to Surveillance Lesson 1-3
Counting/Describing HIV / AIDS Lesson 1-4
Counting High School Marijuana Use Lesson 1-5
National Survey on Drug Use and Health Lesson
1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance Systems
2

• Module 1 - Descriptive Epidemiology and
  Surveillance
• Lesson 1-6 Other Drug Abuse Surveillance
  Systems
• Content
• Overview of several other drug surveillance
  systems
• Study of other drug surveillance systems, using
  as a model the five main questions to consider in
  planning / evaluating such a system (as described
  in Lesson 1-4 and exemplified for NSDUH in Lesson
  1-5)
• Big Ideas
• There are several other surveillance systems that
  address drug use / abuse
• The systems have differences and similarities
  regarding the five main considerations
• Considering all the efforts at surveillance, it
  is evident that drug use / abuse continues to be
  a public health issue of highest priority

This project is supported by a Science Education
Drug Abuse Partnership Award, Grant Number
1R24DA016357-01,

from the
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National
Institutes of Health.
3
Where are we?
Essential Questions
Enduring Understandings
1. How is this disease distributed? Health-related conditions and behaviors are not distributed uniformly in a population. They have unique distributions that can be described by how they are distributed in terms of person, place, and time.
2. What hypotheses might explain the distribution of disease? Clues for formulating hypotheses can be found by observing the way a health-related condition or behavior is distributed in a population.
3. Is there an association between the hypothesized cause and the disease? Causal hypotheses can be tested by observing exposures and diseases of people as they go about their daily lives. Information from these observational studies can be used to make and compare rates and identify associations.
4. Is the association causal? Causation is only one explanation for an association between an exposure and a disease. Because observational studies are complicated by factors not controlled by the observer, other explanations also must be considered.
5. What should be done when preventable causes of disease are found? Policy decisions are based on more than the scientific evidence. Because of competing values - social, economic, ethical, environmental, cultural, and political factors may also be considered.
4
Understanding
To understand something as
a specific
instance of a more general case
is to have learned
not only a specific thing
but also a model for understanding
other things like it that one may
encounter. J. Bruner, The Process of Education,
1960
5
Understanding
6
a model for understanding other things like it
.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Drug Abuse Warning Network
Monitoring the Future Survey
Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey
College Health Risk Behavior Survey
European School Survey Project
on Alcohol and Other
Drugs
7
National Survey on Drug Use and Health
8
a model for understanding other things like it
.
9
Drug Abuse Warning Network
10
a model for understanding other things like it
.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Drug Abuse Warning Network
Monitoring the Future Survey
Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey
College Health Risk Behavior Survey
European School Survey Project
on Alcohol and Other
Drugs
11
Monitoring the Future Survey
12
a model for understanding other things like it
.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Drug Abuse Warning Network
Monitoring the Future Survey
Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey
College Health Risk Behavior Survey
European School Survey Project
on Alcohol and Other
Drugs
13
Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey
14
a model for understanding other things like it
.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Drug Abuse Warning Network
Monitoring the Future Survey
Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey
College Health Risk Behavior Survey
European School Survey Project
on Alcohol and Other
Drugs
15
College Health Risk Behavior Survey
16
a model for understanding other things like it
.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Drug Abuse Warning Network
Monitoring the Future Survey
Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey
College Health Risk Behavior Survey
European School Survey Project
on Alcohol and Other
Drugs
17
European School Survey Project on Alcohol and
Other Drugs
18
Assignments
Drug Abuse Warning Network
Group -------------------------- Group
-------------------------- Group
-------------------------- Group
--------------------------- Group
---------------------------
Monitoring the Future Survey
Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey
College Health Risk Behavior Survey
European School Survey on
Alcohol Other Drugs
19
a model for understanding other things like it
.
Surveillance System Name _________________________
_____________
Question Critique
1. What question(s) were asked to determine the current number of marijuana users?
2. What is the surveillance system sampling frame? How is the sample selected?
3. What mode of data collection is used?
4. What steps are taken to increase the likelihood that the question(s) would be answered accurately?
5. What are the limitations of the surveillance system?
20
a model for understanding other things like it
.
Surveillance System Name _________________________
_____________
Surveillance System Start by Searching the Internet by Title of Surveillance System . . . here are some possible destinations
1. Drug Abuse Warning Network https//dawninfo.samhsa.gov
2. Monitoring the Future Survey http//www.monitoringthefuture.org
3. Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey http//www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htm
4. College Health Risk Behavior Survey http//www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049859.htm
5. European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs http//www.espad.org
21
Re-Cap

• Big Ideas in this Lesson (1-6)
• There are several other surveillance systems that
  address drug use / abuse
• The systems have differences and similarities
  regarding the five main considerations
• Considering all the efforts at surveillance, it
  is evident that drug use / abuse continues to be
  a public health issue of highest priority

This project is supported by a Science Education
Drug Abuse Partnership Award, Grant Number
1R24DA016357-01,

from the
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National
Institutes of Health.
22
Next Lesson (2-1)
Essential Questions
Enduring Understandings
1. How is this disease distributed? Health-related conditions and behaviors are not distributed uniformly in a population. They have unique distributions that can be described by how they are distributed in terms of person, place, and time.
2. What hypotheses might explain the distribution of disease? Clues for formulating hypotheses can be found by observing the way a health-related condition or behavior is distributed in a population.
3. Is there an association between the hypothesized cause and the disease? Causal hypotheses can be tested by observing exposures and diseases of people as they go about their daily lives. Information from these observational studies can be used to make and compare rates and identify associations.
4. Is the association causal? Causation is only one explanation for an association between an exposure and a disease. Because observational studies are complicated by factors not controlled by the observer, other explanations also must be considered.
5. What should be done when preventable causes of disease are found? Policy decisions are based on more than the scientific evidence. Because of competing values - social, economic, ethical, environmental, cultural, and political factors may also be considered.