1 ?? n. teacher, book??

1
??
2

• ??????????????
• 1 ?? n. teacher, book??
• 2 ?? pron. we ,me, he ??
• 3 ?? num. two,fifth ??
• 4 ?? v. work, study, live ??
• 5 ??? adj. good, big, beautiful ??
• 6 ?? adv . fast, quickly??
• 7 ?? art. a, an, the??
• 8 ?? prep. in, on,by,with??
• 9 ?? conj. and, but??
• 10 ??? interj. Oh,ah??

3
??

• ?????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ?Beijing,China?? ????????????,?????????

4
????

• 1)????????????????,?gun?
• 2)?????????????????,?family?
• 3)???????????????,?air?
• 4)??????????????????????,?work?
• ????????????????
• ?????????????????

5
?????????

• ?s, sh, ch, x??? ? -es bus-buses/ watch-watches
  
• ?ce, se, ze,??? ? -s license-licenses
• ?????y?? ?y ?i??es baby---babies
• ?o ?????,?????es,?
• potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
• ??,???o ?oo???? ?? s
• radio---radios zoo---zoos

6

• ?f?fe ?????????
• a. ?s,? belief---beliefs roof---roofs
• b. ?f,fe ?ves,?half---halves
• knife---knives leaf---leaves
• wolf---wolves wife---wives life- thief-

7
??????????

• 1)child---children foot---feet man---men
• tooth--teeth mouse--mice womanwomen
• 2) ????,?deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,
• 3)????,???????,????????people,police,cattle
  ???????
• 4) ?s??,???????,?maths,politics,physics????,
  news?

8
????

• ??????????"'s"???????,???????????????????,?a
  teacher's book???????????
• 1) ???????"'s",?the boy's bag ?????,????????s,???"
  's",?men's room ????
• 2) ?????????-s ,??" ' ",?the workers' struggle
  ??????
• 3) ????????,?????'s,???"???"????'s,???'??'???
• Johns and Marys rooms(??)
• John and Mary's room(??)

9
??
a an
????
???
the
??? ??
?????
???
10
???????a/an a b c
d e f
g h i
j k l m
n o p q
r s t u
v w x
y z
a
an
a
a
an
an
an
a
an
a
a
an
an
an
an
an
an
a
a
a
a
a
a
an
a
a
11
???????
1. 2. 3. 4.
a?????????????. an?????????????.
e.g. __book ___ egg
__ useful book ___ underground room
a
an
a
an
???? ??????????
e.g. She is a girl. ????. This is a
desk. ??????.
????????,???????????.
e.g. I can see a kite. ????????.
A boy is in Grade 1. ????????
????, ???????.
e.g. We have six classes a day. ????????.
12
??????
1. 2. 3. 4.
???? ??. ???(?)????(?)??,?????????????.
e.g. The book on the desk is Jims. ???????????.
The chairs are there. ?????.
?????????????.
e.g. Where is the kite? ??????(????????????.)
Open the door, please.?????.(???????????.)
????,???????????,?????.
e.g. AI can see a kite. ???????.
Bwhere is the kite? ????????
??????????,?????
e.g. the Blacks ?????
13
??????
5. 6. 7. 8.
????????????????.
e.g. the sun the sky the moon the earth
????????????,????only, very, same ?.
e.g. I live on the second floor. ?????
Skating is the best sport in winter. ??????????.
?????????????,?the dollar ?? the fox ??
??????????,?????the living ???
???????????.
e.g. the violin the piano
14
??????
9.
?????????
e.g. in the day in the morning /
aftrnoon/ evening the day before
tomorrow/ yesterday the next morning /
week/ month/ year in the sky/ water/
field/ country in the dark in
the rain in the distance in
the middle (of) in the end on
the whole by the way go to
the theatre (cinema)
15
????????
??????
1. 2. 3. 4.
????????????????????S?????
e.g. Our books those apples Jims pen
?????????????????
e.g. They are teachers. ??????
??????
e.g. China England
??????????
e.g. on Sunday in August on Childrens
Day
16
????????
??????
5. 6.
?????????????
e.g. play football/ basketball have supper
????????
e.g. at night go to school
at table by bike at work go
to bed at school at home
watch TV
17
?????,?????????
go to school _______ go to the school _______
??
???
??
take place ______ take the place of ______
??
????
in front of ____________ in the front of
____________
????
18
? ?

• (1)??????????one,two,ten
• (2)????????? first,second, twelfth
  ???????the?????????????first---1st second---2nd
  thirty-first---31st??

19
(1)??????????? 2005?4?10?-April
10,2005,6?-600, 5?1?-May 1,12?-12 oclock,
530-half past five, 845-a quarter to nine,
(2)??\??????????? o.15-zero point one five
40 forty percent 56 fifty-six
percen (3)???????????????,????????????1?,????????
?,??????????? 1/3 one-third3/37 three
thirty-sevenths.
20
?? ?.?? ?????????, ??????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????? ?.??????? 1.????
1)???????????,??????
21

22
2)????????????????????,??????? I like table
tennis. (???) Do you know him?(???) 3)????????????
???????---Who is knocking at the door? ---Its
me. 4)?????than??????????????,??????????? He is
older than me. He is older than I am.
23
2. ???? 1)???????????????????????????????? ????,?
?????  
24
2)?????????????????,?????????? Our teacher is
coming to see us. This is her
pencil-box. 3)???????????????,???????????????
Our school is here, and theirs is there.(???)---
Is this English-book yours? (???) --- No. Mine is
in my bag. I've already finished my homework.
Have you finished yours? (???)
25
3. ??????????this,that,these,those? 1)
this?these???????????????????,that?those ?????????
??????,?? This is a pen and that is a pencil.
We are busy these days. In those days the
workers had a hard time
26
2)??that?those?????????,this ?these????????
????,??I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.
What I want to say is this pronunciation is
very important in learning English.
27
3)?????????????,???that?those??,?? Television
sets made in Beijing are just as good as those
made in Shanghai. 4)this ??????????,that
???????? Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack
speaking?
28
4. ???? ???????"???","???","???","????","????"
????????????,???????????,????????
29
????????????,??,???? 1)???,????????????????,????
??????????? He called himself a
writer. 2)????It doesnt matter. Ill be myself
soon. 3)??????????,???????? I myself washed
the clothes.
30
????

• enjoy oneself,
• make oneself at home,
• make oneself understood\heardfor oneself???,
• of oneself???,??? by oneself???,

31
I me my mine myself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourself
you you your yours yourselves
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
they them their theirs themselves
32
5.???? (1)some?anysome????????,??????????
?????????,???????any???????????,??any?????,????
????? ??,something,somebody,someone????someanythi
ng,anybody,anyone????any?
33

• ??? some??????,??????????????
• I have some friends. Smith went to some place in
  England.(??)
• ????????yes ?,some?????????????? Would you like
  some bananas?(??) Mum,could you give me some
  money?(??)
• ?any????????? ? Is there any student in the
  classroom?
• No ,there isnt any student.
• ? any?????????????
• Any day is okay for me.

34
one,both,all

• one????,??,????ones,
• This is not the one I want.(??)
• both?????,??? This maths problem can be worked
  out in both ways.(??) ??both?????,?????????????
  ,?neither?
• Both of us are not teachers.?????????? Neither
  of us is a teacher. ????????? both????the?these?t
  hose?my???,??????????
• ?Both my parents like this film.
• All ???????,????????????,?????????,???????
  ?????? He gave me all the money.??????????

35

• All the schools are flooded.?????????? ??all
  ?????,??????,?????none?? Not all the ants go
  out for food.
• All the ants dont go out for food.
• ???????????????? None of the money is mine.
• ??????????

36
many?much few, little a few, a little

• few?little??????,??????a few ?a
  little?????,???,????????,few?a few
  ??????little?a little?????????????????????????

37
each?every

• each(??),????????????,????,?????????????????every(
  ??),????????????,????,????????? Every student it
  our class has a dictionary.(??,????????) Each
  student in our class has a dictionary.(??,??????)
  Each of them has been there.(??) The teacher
  gave each of the students a new textbook.(??) We
  each got a ticket.(???)

38
either?neither

• either???????????,????????????,neither????????
  ???,?????????????,????????????????? Here are
  two pens. You may take either of them.(??)
  Neither boy knows French.(??)

39
Other, others ,the other, the others ? another

• the other?????????
• other??????,??????,???????,???others?????????,?
  ??other????
• the others?????????,???the other?????
• another???????????,??(????????)???,??????????,??
  ?????????

40

• He got two books one is textbook, the other is
  a novel. Five of the pencils are red, the
  others(the other pens)are yellow. Some students
  are singing, others (other students)are dancing.
  Please give me another book.

41
6.????each other?????????one another?????????,??
?????????? 7.????what????,?????who(whom,whose)?
?which????????,?????? 8.????what,who,whom,whose
,which,that,as,
42
The Use of it
??? it
?? it
It????? Sentences With it
43
?? --- it
1 ??????,??????????
My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere.
---Who is knocking at the door? --- Its me.
Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?
44
?? --- it
2 ????????this, that
--- Whose exercise-book is that? --- Its hers.
--- Whats this?
--- Its a flag.
45
?? --- it
3 ?????????? ??? ??????
Its time for lunch.
When spring comes, it gets warmer and
warmer.
Its about two hours from here to the zoo.
Its winter now.
It was very quiet (noisy) at the moment.
46
???
1 ?????,??????(????????)???????????????
It is exciting to find an ancient tomb. (?????)
It was wrong for you not to help her.
(?????????) It is believed that this man found
in the grave was from a rich family.(??????)
47
???
2.?????,?????????????????????
He feels it his duty to help others.
We thought it no use doing that.
I find it difficult to solve the problem.
48
???
3.???????????????????(???????????????????),?????
? It is (was) ????? that (?who)
I saw Li Ping in the street yesterday.
49
it --- ????
It was I that / who saw Li Ping in the street
this morning.
It was Li Ping that I saw in the street
this morning.
It was in the street that I saw Li Ping
this morning.
It was yesterday that I saw Li Ping in the
street.
50
??? --- it
??not until?????????It is (was)
that???, that??????
I didnt go to bed until I had finished my
homework last night.
It was
that
I went to bed.
not until I had finished my homework last night
51
Sentences With It (It?????)
1. It be adj. of sb. ??? sb. be adj.
???
Its cruel of him to kill that animal.
It is very kind of you to help us. ( You are
kind to help us. )
clever, bright, foolish, stupid, silly, wise,
careful, careless, rude, impolite, nice, right,
wrong, silly, good, brave, honest ,etc.
52
2. It be adj. for sb. to do
It is difficult for us to learn English. It is
important for her to come to the party.
??????? important, necessary, natural easy ,
common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous ,
unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant ,etc.
53
3. It takes sb. some time to do
?????????????
sb. spend some time (in) doing
It took him some time to find the elephant.
He spent some time (in) finding the elephant.
54
4. It costs sb. some money to do
sth. cost sb. some moneysb. spend some
money on sth.sb. pay some money for
sth.sb. buy sth. for some money
55
5. It is no use ???
It is no use regretting your past mistakes. It is
no use crying over split milk. It is no good
learning English without speaking English.
????????????????,????no good, no use,
useless, worthwhile, ???????????
56
6. It be adj. /n. that-clause
It is very clear that hes tall like a tree.
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
Adjobvious, necessary,right,strange, natural,
true Na fact, a shame, an honor, no wonder
57
7. It be ???? that-clause
It is said that he has been ill for years.
He is said to have been ill for years.
??????????? report, announce, decide, learn,
expect, arrange, suggest, etc.
58
8. It looks as if / seems that-clause
It seems that they are talking.
It looks as if he is ill.
????????? happen, turn out, appears?
It happened that she was not at home. It turned
out that he was Bushs father.
59
9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ...
????? that ?????????????????,????????????????????
??,???????????????????,????????????, It is the
first time I have been here. This is the first
time I have been here. It was the first time I
had been here.
60
10. It be time for It be time
(for sb.) to do It be time that
???????
It is time for supper. It is time (for us )
to have supper. It is time that we had supper.

that????????? Its time that this problem was
/ should be solved
61
??
62
???????in

• ?in the morning ???
• in the afternoon ???
• in the evening ???
• in the day ???

63
at??????????

• ? at dawn, at daybreak ?????
• at noon ??? at dusk ???
• at night ??? at midnight ???
• at nine fifteen ?9?15?
• at ten thirty a.m. ???10?30?

64
???????????, ??????????? in,

• ???,???,????? (??????? ???on),???,????????in
  ?
• ?????,???,????,????????????in?

65
????in...??

• They will come back in 10 days.
• ???10??????
• Come and see me in two days' time.
• ???????(?????)
• after... (?????)

66
??at??in ??with??by,?? ??????in

• The teacher is correcting the paper with a new
  pen. ???????????????(??)
• "Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good
  opera. ltlt?????gtgt?????(??)
• ???????in In Chinese
• ???????????in in meter
• ?????in in bronze

67
????????????????in

• The Democratic Party was in power then.
• ??????????
• He has not been in good health for some years.
  ?????????????
• A good teacher must be an example in study.
  ?????????????????
• in a good humour ??(??)? ??

68
??at?to???,???????????

• ??at?to??????? ?at?????,????????,??????
• ?to?????,?????????????,???????
• A.She came at me. ???????
• B.She came to me. ???????

69
?????????,??,???????? ????on?

• on Octorber the first 1949 1949?10?1?
• on Saturday afternoon ?????
• on the morning of 18th 18???

70
?????,??on

• on the radio ?????
• on TV ????
• on a farm ???
• on duty ??

71
??????????

• Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling
  in America.
• ??????????????????
• Theory must be based on practice. ???????????
• The people in the south live on rice. ????????(?)
  
• On Reading ???

72
????????????,?????,????

• ??????,????,?????,????????????,?????

?????????on,cab,carriage?in
73
at????????,?????????

• ?????????????,????????????????????at?

74
????????with,??,???????

• With the development of science and
  technology,more and more people can use computer
  to communicate with others.
• China is a very large country with a long
  history. ?????????????(??)
• What is the matter with you?
• ?????(?,??)
• With the help of my classmate

75
?......?????,??????

• ???with???????????
• What's wrong with your eyes? ????????
• The doctor was very patient with his patients.
  ????????????(?)
• He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.
  ??????????????(??)????

76
???????????by,????known to man

• ? by land (air, sea, water, bus)
  ??(??,??,??,?????)
• by chance ?? by accident ??,
• It is known to man ... ????...
• ???to man???by??????????man?known???,??????by?

77
this,that,tomorrow,yesterday,next, last, one
???????????,???????
78
over, under???above, below??? ??below?above

• The plane flew above the city. ?????????(?????????
  )
• A lamp was hanging over the table.
  ??????????(???)
• The temperature in the room is below (or under)
  30?. ?????30????(???????)

79
beyond??????? , against ??,???

• It's quite beyond me (It is more than I can
  understand). ???????
• beyond my control
• She leaned wearily against the railings.
  ???????????(??)

80
besides, except???,among??along?
????except,?for??????

• Hes composition is good, except for some
  spelling mistakes. ??????????,??????????
• (??????except for)

81
??because of, owing to, due to?????

• AII our achievements are due to the correct
  leadership of our Party. ????????????? (due
  to??????)

82
under??????,of,from??? before, after ???,ago,
later????

• ?before, after???????????,??? before supper
• ?ago,later???????????
• ???? a minute ago

83
before?????,ago????? ???before???(?????)

• I had studied French for four months before I
  came here. ????????????????? (before????)
• He fell ill three days ago. ???????(ago?????????,?
  ???????????)

84
since??during?????beside, ??last but one?

• ?beside???????......??, ????......????????
• ??last but one,?but???????,??????????last but
  one????????
• I haven't told anybody but one.
• Look at the last page but one. ?????2??

85
???for??,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?

• ???for,??for??????????,???for??(?)?????,????,??
  ?,????????,?????,??????? ?,???????????,????
  ?,????(???????)

86
??????towards,

• It's getting on towards the end of term now.
  ??????????(??)

87
but for ?????,????????

• but for????????
• But for our great Communist Party, we could never
  have today's happiness. ?????????,??????????????
• but for??????????

88
ing?????,??,?????? ??,??,???,????????

• considering ??
• respecting??
• excepting ??
• including??
• regarding ?????about
• concerning ??

89
Conjunction
??
90

• ????
• ?????????????????????

???? ????
?????
91
?????? 1.?????????????? and, as well
as, ? bothand ???? not
onlybut also ???? neithernor
???? ??
92

• They work and live in Shenzhen.
• He is a scientist as well as a poet.
• A man should have both courage and perseverance.
• He can neither read nor write.
• He is not only clever but also diligent.
• She plays not only the piano, but (also) the
  guitar.

93

• not only but also ???????,???not
  only???,??????????
• ????????,??????
• Not only does he like reading novels, but also he
  can write some.

94

• 2. ???????????
• but ?? however ?? while ?
• yet ?? nevertheless ?? ??
• He worked hard, but he failed at last.
• Id like to go with you. However, my hands are
  full.
• She failed many times.Nevertheless, she went
  on with experiment.
• This is a glorious yet difficult task.
• Some people like coffee, while other like tea.

95
3. ??????????? or ?? eitheror ????
whether...or?? We will die without air or
water. ????,????? Either you or I am right.
Whether he will come or not is still unknown.
96

• Summary (????)
• 1.and, bothand, ?????????,????????
• 2.not onlybut also, ?????????,?????????????????
  ?????????????????or, nor, eitheror,
  neithernor?
• 3.as well as, ?????????,????????????????????????
  ??????with, together with, along with??

97
?.???????????????????? ?????????????????
??????
1. ????????
(1). that
(2). ???? who, whom, which, what
(3). ???? when, where,how,why,whether
98
(No Transcript)
99
2. ?????????
(1). ?? when, while, as ??
when??,????? while?????
as??,????? ?? till/until, once, as
soon as(??),
100
(2). ??

• because, for, as, since, therefore, so, etc.
• because ????,?????????why?????,?????????
• For?????,??????????????,???????????????
• as???????????????????????????,???????,????????,???
  ???,???because, since??
• since?as????,???as?,?????,??????,???????

101

• Mary was absent, because she was ill.
• It must have been rained last night, for the
  ground is wet.
• Since youre ill, you dont have to go to
  school today.
• As all the seats were full, she had to stand
  there for 2 hours.
• Mother is busy so I often help her.
• It rained.Therefore, the football match was
  postponed.

102
(3). ?? though/ although??but??.
as(??), even if/ though (??)
?????,???????.
Though it was cold, he went on working.
Cold as it is , he went on working.
103
???
104
?? adjective ??adj.????????????, ?????????,
??,????
105
?? ?????????, ??, ???

• (1)?????????
• She is a good student
• Mary is an honest, hardworking girl.
• (2)???????????
• This film is very interesting.
• She looks younger than her age.
• (3)????????????
• We painted the wall white. 
• His coming made us happy. 

106
??????

• 1??some, any, every, no?body, thing,one???????????
  ??????????
• nobody absent, everything possible
• 2?????only??????-able, -ible???????????
• the best book available,
• 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep?????
• the person awake
• 4 ? and ? or ??????????????????????????????
  Everybody,old and young, should attend the
  meeting.

107
???????????????
108

109
???????????

• 1)?????????????????????????? -er ? -est ???
  great (??) greater(???) greatest(???)
• 2) ? -e ?????????????????????? -r ? -st ??? wide
  (??) wider (???) widest (???)
• fine,late

110

• 3) ????-y ???????????????? -y ??,?? -ier ?-est
  ??. happy (??) happier (???) happiest (???)
  early
• 4) ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  -er?-est? big (??) bigger (???) biggest (???)
• 5 ) ? -er, -ow, -ble, -ple ???????,?-er ?-est
• clever cleverer cleverest

111
?????????????????????????more ? most ???????????
112
?????
113
beautiful big easy wide clean clever pretty hot
more beautiful most beautiful bigger biggest
easier easiest wider widest cleaner cleanest
cleverer cleverest prettier prettiest hotter
hottest
114
worse worst more most less least farther\further
farthest\furthest more difficult most
difficult cheaper cheapest more important most
important more exciting most exciting more
interesting most interesting
bad/ill many/much little far difficult cheap im
portant exciting interesting
115
Riddle

• 1.What kind of dog doesn't bite or bark?
• hot dog??
• 2.Which room has no wall,no door,no window,and no
  floor?
• mushroom??
• 3.What has hands but no feet,a face but no
  eyes,tells but not talk?
• alarm clock??
• 4.What is black when it is clean and white when
  it is dirty?
• blackboard??

116
?????????

• ????(???) ??????than ?????
• ???????????
• Our teacher is taller than we are.
• ????????
• It is warmer today than it was yesterday.

117
?????????

• ??????????
• She is the best student in her class.
• ????????????
• Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
• ????????????
• This is the biggest apple I have ever met.

118
??????

• The??????..., the??????...?? ?... ??...?
  ?????
• The more, the better.
• ?????, ???????
• The more you learn, the more you know.
• ?????????
• The more I have, the more I want.

119
" ?????? and ?????? ", ?? " ???... "?

• ???????.
• Its getting hotter and hotter.
• ???????
• He is getting poorer and poorer.

120
????(???)as?????as????????????

• ???????????
• This box is as big as mine.
• ??????????????
• This coat is as cheap as that one.

121
???????????

• ????????
• He always helps the poor.
• ??????????
• I like to have a talk with the young.

122
?-ly??????

• ????????-ly??????? friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,l
  ikely,lively,ugly,brotherly,??????
• ???-ly ?????????,?????daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,
  early

123
morethan???????, ????

• ??????,??????
• He is more diligent than wise.
• ?????????,?????????
• He is more a friend than a teacher.

124
no???than?not ???than?????????,
????????(?????), ??????? (?????,
?????????)

• His English is no better than mine.
• (????????)
• His English is not better than mine.
• ???????????(??? ????)
• He is no taller than me.
• He is not taller than me.

125
??????????????, ?

• She cant be more beautiful.
• He works harder than the other students in his
  class.
• He works harder than any other student in his
  class.

126
?? 
127
??adverbs?? adv.,?????????????????????????????????
????????often??,there??,very?,slowly???
(?)??
128
(?)?????
????





??
now, then, often, early, never
????
????
there,here,below,above
????
well,slowly,hard,badly
still,rather,much, hardly
????
129




????
when,where,why
????
how,when,where,why
when,where,why, whether
????
????
also,not,only,too
130
(?)?????
1???????,? now, rather, very, there , how,
when , too? 2????????????, ? early, high,
wide, deep?
131
3?????ly????,? slow---slowly
quick---quickly brave---bravely
clear---clearly
132
???????????

• ??? ????????, ??

• early late fast

• ??? ??????? ly

coldly
cold
actively

• active

quickly
badly
quick

• bad

sadly
sad
beautiful
beautifully
safely
careful
safe
carefully
133
???????????

• ??? ??????y??,?y? ily,??

• happily

• easy

• easily

• happy

hungrily
heavy
heavily
hungry
lucky
luckily
??? ?????e??, ??e, y. ??
comfortable comfortably
134
4?????????????, ??ly??????,??? ??,?
late?,?------lately?? close???------closely
???,???
135
(?)????????
1???? 1)????,? Its raining heavily.
????? 2)?????,? Its rather a difficult job.
???????????
136
3)??????,? Dont ride too fast.
??????? 4)?????? Where is the broom?
??????
137
5) ???? This exactly what he said.
???????. 6) ????,?????,? Life here is full
of joy.
138
2.???(?????????) The class is over.
???? 3.????? Who is calling me
from downstairs? ???????
139
4.??? (1)????????????, ? Are you content
with the life here? (2)quite,such?????,???
????,? He spent quite a long time
there. 5.??? We were shown around by the
young man.
140

• ?????????????????????????????,?????????ly?????????
  ?????er??est,?
• quickly ?more quickly ?most quickly quietly
  ?more quietly ?most quietly ???
  early???ly????,?????y??i???er??est
• ??????? the ?????

141

• also ?????????,?????????,too???????either???????,?
  ???????
• He is a technician.  I am also a technician.
• He is a technician.  I am a technician,
  too.??(?)???????(?)????
• I don't know.  You don't know,  either?
  ????????????

142
??
143
?????????,???????,

• ????(Notional Verb) make,
• ???(Link Verb)
• ???(Auxiliary Verb)
• ????(Modal Verb)

144
???????????????,?????????,????????????????????????
??????

• 1)????? ????????,??be??,
• 2)???????????????????????,???keep, remain, stay,
  
• 3)?????????"????"????,???seem, appear, look,
• 4)?????????????feel, smell, sound, taste
• 5)???????????????????,???become, get

145
???

• ????????????????????(Auxiliary Verb)?????????be,
  have, do, shall, will, should, would?

146

• ????????????,?????,?????????????,?????????vt.
  ?vi.?
• ???????????????,?????????????
• She can dance and sing.
• (sing??????????)
• She can sing many English songs.
• (sing???????)

147
??

• ??(voice)????????,???????????????
• ???????????????
• ???????????????,?
• Many people speak English.
• ???????????????,?
• English is spoken by many people.

148
The door was opened.

• ????

• Be ??

???????
149
??????????

• 1)???????????
• He wrote an article.
• An article was written by him.
• 2)???? ????????
• He told her a long story.
• She was told a long story.
• A long story was told to her.

150
?????

• ???????????,???????????

151
??????????8???
?? ?? ?? ????
?? ????? ????? ????? ???????
?? ????? ????? ????? ???????
?? ????? ????? ????? ???????
???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????
152
??????????

• ?????
• ?????

???,????????

• ????,??,????

153
????????

• 1) ??????????,?????????????????? every,
  sometimes,??
• I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
• 2) ????,????,???????
• The earth moves around the sun. ????????
• 3) ??????????
• Pride goes before a fall. ?????
• ??2,3????????????,????????,?????????????
• ?Columbus proved that the earth is round.
• 4) ???????????????????
• Ann writes good English but does not speak well.

154
??????????????????????,be(am/is/are)????

She is running
155
??1

• ??????????????(????now, at the
  moment????look, )?
• We are waiting for you now.
• Look, they are swimming.

156
??2

• ?????????????,????????????(????this term,
  these days)??
• Mr. Green is writing another novel.
• ?????????
• How are you doing at school this term.
• ???????????

157
??3

• ????,??????get, grow, become, turn, run,
  begin??
• Its getting warmer and warmer.
• ???????
• The leaves are turning red. ??????

158
?????

• ???????
• have (has) ?????

159

1. ????????,??????????????????????????????????alrea
   dy yet by this time just ever never so far
   till now before now that??

They have already finished reading the text .
He has seen the film before.
160
2)?????????,????????,????????????since
????????,?for (????)????????
I have lived in the small village since last
year.
14
161
3. ???????????????????????????????????????? Becom
e/be die/be dead leave/ be away join the
army/serve the army
162
?????

• 1)??????????????????????
• ?????yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the
  other day, in 1982??
• Where did you go just now?
•  2)??????????,???????????
• When I was a child, I often played football in
  the street.
• 3)wish, wonder, think, hope ?????,???????????????
  
• I thought you might have some.

163
?????????????

• 1)??????????????????????????,???????????????,????
  ?????????,???????
• 2)????????????????,??????????????????,???????
• ??????????yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in
  October, just now?
• ??????????for, since, so far, ever, never, just,
  yet, till/until, up to now,by ?,??????????

164

• I saw this film yesterday. (??????????)
• I have seen this film. (????????,??????????)
• Why did you get up so early? (????????????)
• Who hasn't handed in his paper? (???????,???????)
• ?????????????(?yesterday, last, week, in
  1960)?,????????,??????
• Tom has written a letter to his parents last
  night.
• Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

165
?????

• 1) ???????????????????
• 2) ???????????????????????????????,?????????
• My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle
  and hurt himself.
• It was raining when they left the station.
• When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun
  was shining.
• 3) ???????
• this morning, the whole morning, all day
  yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when,
  while 

166
?????

• 1) ?????????
• 2) ??a. ?told, said, knew, heard,
  thought??????????
• She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
• b. ????
• ???????????????,????,??????????,???????
• When the police arrived, the thieves had run
  away.
• 3) ??????????before, by, until , when, after,
  once, as soon as?
• He said that he had learned some English before.
• By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to
  make a living by himself.

167
?????

• 1) shall??????,will ??????????,?
• Which paragraph shall I read first.
• 2) be going to ???,?????
• a. ?????,??????
• What are you going to do tomorrow?
• b. ??,????????
• The play is going to be produced next month?
• 3) be ??????,??????????????
• We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
• 4) be about to ???,????????
• He is about to leave for Beijing.
• ??be about to ???tomorrow, next week
  ????????????????

168
?????

• 1) ????????????????,?????????????
• She'll be coming soon.
• I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.
• 2)???????
• Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this
  time,tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
• By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the
  beach.
•  

169
?????

• 1) ??will / be going to have done sth.
• 2) ??
• a. ?????????????????????????
• b. ??????????????????????,???????????????
• They will have been married for 20 years by then.
• You will have reached Shanghai by this time
  tomorrow.

170
????
171

• ???????????
• ??
• ??
• ??
• ??
• ??
• ??
• ??
• ???

172

• ??(Subject)
• ????????,?????????????
• ?????????
• Book is the resource of knowledge.
• ????????????????????
• ??????????,??
• ??????
• ??????????
• ???????.
• What he has said is true.

173

• ??(Predicate)
• ?????????????????,
• ??????.
• I like apple .?????.
• They are student. ??????
• ????(Notional Verb)
• ???(Link Verb)

??
??
174

• ??(Object)
• ?????????,????????
• ??,????????????,??
• ?????????,
• ????????,??, ????????????????,?
• I like English very much .
• We must find out who signed the contract.

175

• Predicative ( ??)
• ???????????,?????,????????(? be, become ,get,
  look, turn, seem ?)??.
• He is an astronaut(???).
• His job is to teach English.
• What I want to know is when we will have
• the sports meeting.
• ???????,??,???, ??,???,???,????, ????????.

176

• ?? (Attribute)
• ?????????????,?
• I like red apple .??????.
• ?????????????,???????????????????,??????
• They made paper flowers. ???????
• I have something to tell you. ????????

177

• ?? (Adverbial)
• ?????????????????,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??,??
  ?.
• I waited to see you.
• He often went to school by bus.
• Please call me if it is necessary.
• This book is very interesting.
• He always comes late to school.
• ?????????????????????

178

• ?? (Complement)
• ???????????????,??????????,????????????????????
  ,??????????
• I found the book interesting.
• He made himself known to them.
• ????????????????????????????????

179

• ???(Appositive)
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• We Chinese are hard-working.
• You two are very lazy.
• The truth that he has never been abroad makes me
  suprised.

180
I met my best friend Tom at the station
yesterday.
? ??
? ??
? ? ?
? ? ?
? ???
? ? ?
181

• ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ?,???????????????
• ????????????
• ? S V (??)
• ?S V O (???)
• ?S V P (???)
• ? S V o O (??????)
• ? S V O C (?????)

182

•  1.S(?) Vi(?????)(?)
•  Time flies.
•  1) S Vi adverbial(??)
•  Birds sing beautifully.
•  2) S Vi prep Phrase(????)
•   He went on holiday.
•  3) S Vi Infinitive (???)
•  We stopped to have a rest.
•  4) S Vi Participle (??)
•  I'll go swimming.

183

• 2. S (?) Vt (????)(?) O(?) We like
  English. 1) S VT N/Pron I like music. 2) S
  VT infinitive(???) I want to help
  him. ??????????attempt, dare, decide, desire,
  expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer,
  pretend, propose, purpose, refuse, want, ?? 3) S
  VT Wh-Word Infinitive I don't know what to
  do. ??????????ask, consider, decide, discover,
  explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know,
  learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell,
  think, understand, wonder??

184

• 4) S VT Gerund I enjoy living
  here. ??????????admit, advise, avoid, consider,
  defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind,
  miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't
  help?? 5) S VT That-clause I don't think
  (that) he is right. ??????????Admit, believe,
  command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt,
  expect, explain, feel(??), hear(??), hope,
  imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(??), notice,
  propose, request, report, say, see(??),show,
  suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish,
  wonder(????)?

185

• 3. S (?) V(?)(lv)( ???) P(?) We are
  Chinese. ??be ????,??????????????,1)??????,feel,
  smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem ??2)
  ????????,become, get, grow, turn, go,?? 3)??????
  remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest??4)??????
  come, fall, set, cut, occur? 5)???? eat, lie,
  prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,
  hang?? 

186

•  1) S Lv N/Pron(??/??) He is a boy.  This
  is mine. 2) S Lv Adj(???) She is
  beautiful. 3) S Lv Adv (??) Class is
  over. 4) S Lv Prep Phrase He is in good
  health. 5) S Lv Participle(??) He is
  excited. The film is interesting.

187

• 4. S (?) VT (?) In O(?? ?) D O(?? ?) I give
  you help. 1) S VT N/Pron N   I sent him a
  book. I bought May a book. 2) S VT N/Pron
  To/for-phrase He sent a book to me. He bought a
  coat for me.

188

• ????????to ??????allow, bring, deny,
  do(??), give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer,
  owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse,
  render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell
  wish, write?? ????????for ??????bring, buy,
  cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order,
  paint, play(??),save, sing, spare??

189

• 5. S (?) VT(?) O(?) O C(??) I make you
  clear. 1) S VT N/Pron N We named our baby
  Tom. ??????????appoint, call, choose, elect,
  entitle, find, make, name, nominate(??)? 2) S
  VT N/Pron Adj He painted the wall
  white. ??????????beat, boil, cut, drive, find,
  get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see,
  set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish??  3) S VT
  N/Pron Prep Phrase She always keeps everything
  in good order.

190

• 4) S VT N/Pron Infinitive I wish you to
  stay. I made him work ??????????a)????to??advi
  se, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command,
  decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate,
  invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit,
  persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell,
  want, warn, wish??b)?????to??feel, have, hear,
  know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see,
  watch?? 5) S VT N/Pron Participle (??) I
  heard my name called. I feel something
  moving. ??????????catch, feel, find, get, have,
  hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at,
  notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell,
  start, watch??

191

• 6) S VT N/Pron Wh-word Infinitive He
  show me how to do it. ??????????advise, ask,
  inform, show, teach, tell?? 7) S VT N/Pron
  That-clause  He told me that the film was
  great. ??????????assure, inform, promise,
  remind, teach, tell, warn?? 8) S VT N/Pron
  Wh-Clause He asked me what he should
  do. ??????????Advise, ask, inform, show, teach,
  tell.

192

• ???????????????????????????????????????(mo
  difier)????????????????(????????????),????
• ???????(??????????????????)?
• We found the hall full.
• ??????????
• We found the great hall full of students and
  teachers.
• ????????????????

193

• We found the great hall full of students and
  teachers listening to an important report.
• ???????????????,?????????
• We found the great hall full of students and
  teachers listening to an important report made by
  a comrade from the People's Daily on current
  affairs in East Europe.
• ???????????????,????????????????????????

194

• Whether sports stars should earn a high salary is
  still discussed heatedly.
• The advanced medical technology has made it
  possible for people to live longer than ever
  possible before.

195

• Many studies have shown that people who play
  violent games regularly are more likely to show
  high levels of aggression(??). For instance, in
  2000, Craig Anderson of Iowa State University in
  Ames and his colleague Karen Dill found that
  people who played violent games were more likely
  to admit to aggressive behaviour, including
  attacks or robberies.

196
????????

• Must have done
• May\ Might have done
• Can \Could have done
• Should have done
• Ought to have done
• Neednt have done
• Shouldnt have done
• Cant \Couldnt have done

• ????????
• ????????
• ??????????
• ??????????
• ??????????
• ????????
• ????????
• ?????????